Glucose turnover and hormonal changes during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in trained humans

Michael Kjær, K J Mikines, N J Christensen, B Tronier, Jørgen Vinten, B Sonne, Erik A. Richter, H Galbo

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Abstract

Eight athletes (T), studied the third morning after the last exercise session, and seven sedentary males (C) (maximal O2 consumption 65 +/- 4 vs. 49 +/- 4 (SE) ml X kg-1 X min-1, for T and C men, respectively) had insulin infused until plasma glucose, at an insulin level of 1,600 pmol X l-1, was 1.9 mmol X l-1. Glucose turnover was determined by primed constant rate infusion of 3-[3H]glucose. Basal C-peptide (0.46 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.73 +/- 0.06 pmol X ml-1) and glucagon (4 +/- 0.4 vs. 10 +/- 2 pmol X l-1) were lower (P less than 0.05) and epinephrine higher (0.30 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.09 +/- 0.03 nmol X l-1) in T than in C subjects. During and after insulin infusion production, disappearance and clearance of glucose changed identically in T and C subjects. However, in spite of identical plasma glucose concentrations, epinephrine (7.88 +/- 0.99 vs. 3.97 +/- 0.40 nmol X l-1), growth hormone (97 +/- 17 vs. 64 +/- 6 mU X l-1), and pancreatic polypeptide (361 +/- 84 vs. 180 +/- 29 pmol X l-1) reached higher levels (P less than 0.05) and glucagon (28 +/- 3 vs. 47 +/- 10 pmol X l-1) lower levels in T than in C subjects. Blood pressures changed earlier in athletes during insulin infusion, and early recovery of heart rate, free fatty acid, and glycerol was faster. Responses of norepinephrine, cortisol, C-peptide, and lactate were similar in the two groups. Training radically changes hormonal responses but not glucose kinetics in insulin hypoglycemia.

Original languageEnglish
JournalJournal of Applied Physiology
Volume57
Issue number1
Pages (from-to)21-27
Number of pages7
ISSN0161-7567
Publication statusPublished - 1984

Keywords

  • Adult
  • Blood Glucose
  • Blood Pressure
  • Catecholamines
  • Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
  • Growth Hormone
  • Heart Rate
  • Hematocrit
  • Hormones
  • Humans
  • Hydrocortisone
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Insulin
  • Male
  • Pancreatic Hormones
  • Physical Exertion

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