Health-related quality of life is a predictor of readmission following emergency laparotomy

BACKGROUND: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a multidimensional concept used to examine the impact of patient-perceived health status on quality of life. Patients' perception of illness affects outcomes in both medical and elective surgical patients; however, not much is known about how HRQoL effects outcomes in the emergency surgical setting. This study aimed to examine if patient-reported HRQoL was a predictor of unplanned readmission after emergency laparotomy.

METHODS: This study included 215 patients who underwent emergency laparotomy at the Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, between August 1, 2021, and July 31, 2022. Patient-reported HRQoL was assessed with the EuroQol group EQ5D index (EQ5D5L descriptive system and EQ-VAS). The population was followed from 0 to 180 days after discharge, and readmissions and days alive and out of hospital were registered. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine HRQoL and the risk of readmission within 30 and 180 days.

RESULTS: Within 30 days, 28.4% of patients were readmitted; within 180 days, the number accumulated to 45.1%. Low self-evaluated HRQoL predicted 180-day readmission and was significantly associated with fewer days out of hospital within both 90 and 180 days. Low HRQoL and discharge with rehabilitation were independent risk factors for short- (30-day) and long-term (180-day) emergency readmission.

CONCLUSION: Patient-perceived quality of life is an independent predictor of 180-day readmission, and the number of days out of hospital was correlated to self-reported HRQoL.