Hip adduction strength and provoked groin pain: A comparison of long-lever squeeze testing using the ForceFrame and the Copenhagen 5-Second-Squeeze test

Mathias F. Nielsen; Kristian Thorborg; Kasper Krommes; Kasper B. Thornton; Per Holmich; Juan J. J. Penalver; Lasse Ishoi

doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.02.002

Hip adduction strength and provoked groin pain: A comparison of long-lever squeeze testing using the ForceFrame and the Copenhagen 5-Second-Squeeze test

Mathias F. Nielsen^*, Kristian Thorborg, Kasper Krommes, Kasper B. Thornton, Per Holmich, Juan J. J. Penalver, Lasse Ishoi

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

12 Citations (Scopus)

24 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Objectives: To compare long-lever squeeze testing using the ForceFrame and the Copenhagen 5-SecondSqueeze test (5SST) for assessment of hip adduction strength and provoked groin pain in elite male soccer players.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Pre-season testing at facilities of a Danish professional 1st tier soccer club and academy.

Participants: Elite male soccer players (n = 83, mean age; 16 +/- 2.7 years) from U13, U14, U15, U17, U19 and senior teams cleared for full training and match participation.

Results: Hip adduction strength was 16% lower in the ForceFrame. A Bland-Altman plot showed a systematic bias (-0.47 Nm/kg, 95% CI [-0.57; -0.38]) and lack of agreement (95% limits of agreement: -1.31; 0.39 Nm/kg). In the ForceFrame, provoked groin pain was less intense (median NRS 0 [IQR: 0-1] vs. 555T: 1 [IQR: 0-3], p < 0.001) and reported by fewer players (NRS >0) (27% [n = 22] vs. 555T: 61.4% [n = 51], p < 0.001).

Conclusions: The ForceFrame and the 5SST lack agreement and are not interchangeable methods. This may have implications when selecting a method for screening and detecting early groin problems in male soccer players. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Original language	English
Journal	Physical Therapy in Sport
Volume	55
Pages (from-to)	28-36
Number of pages	9
ISSN	1466-853X
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.02.002
Publication status	Published - May 2022

Keywords

Adductor strength
Groin pain
Soccer
Groin injury
ForceFrame
5-Second-squeeze test
Handheld dynamometer
FOOTBALL
INJURY
LOCATION
PREDICT
SCORES
TORQUE
VALUES

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Cite this

@article{f0c903eea25a4e0c8b948c9e997e444f,

title = "Hip adduction strength and provoked groin pain: A comparison of long-lever squeeze testing using the ForceFrame and the Copenhagen 5-Second-Squeeze test",

abstract = "Objectives: To compare long-lever squeeze testing using the ForceFrame and the Copenhagen 5-SecondSqueeze test (5SST) for assessment of hip adduction strength and provoked groin pain in elite male soccer players.Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: Pre-season testing at facilities of a Danish professional 1st tier soccer club and academy.Participants: Elite male soccer players (n = 83, mean age; 16 +/- 2.7 years) from U13, U14, U15, U17, U19 and senior teams cleared for full training and match participation.Results: Hip adduction strength was 16% lower in the ForceFrame. A Bland-Altman plot showed a systematic bias (-0.47 Nm/kg, 95% CI [-0.57; -0.38]) and lack of agreement (95% limits of agreement: -1.31; 0.39 Nm/kg). In the ForceFrame, provoked groin pain was less intense (median NRS 0 [IQR: 0-1] vs. 555T: 1 [IQR: 0-3], p < 0.001) and reported by fewer players (NRS >0) (27% [n = 22] vs. 555T: 61.4% [n = 51], p < 0.001).Conclusions: The ForceFrame and the 5SST lack agreement and are not interchangeable methods. This may have implications when selecting a method for screening and detecting early groin problems in male soccer players. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.",

keywords = "Adductor strength, Groin pain, Soccer, Groin injury, ForceFrame, 5-Second-squeeze test, Handheld dynamometer, FOOTBALL, INJURY, LOCATION, PREDICT, SCORES, TORQUE, VALUES",

author = "Nielsen, {Mathias F.} and Kristian Thorborg and Kasper Krommes and Thornton, {Kasper B.} and Per Holmich and Penalver, {Juan J. J.} and Lasse Ishoi",

year = "2022",

month = may,

doi = "10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.02.002",

language = "English",

volume = "55",

pages = "28--36",

journal = "Physical Therapy in Sport",

issn = "1466-853X",

publisher = "Churchill Livingstone",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Hip adduction strength and provoked groin pain

T2 - A comparison of long-lever squeeze testing using the ForceFrame and the Copenhagen 5-Second-Squeeze test

AU - Nielsen, Mathias F.

AU - Thorborg, Kristian

AU - Krommes, Kasper

AU - Thornton, Kasper B.

AU - Holmich, Per

AU - Penalver, Juan J. J.

AU - Ishoi, Lasse

PY - 2022/5

Y1 - 2022/5

N2 - Objectives: To compare long-lever squeeze testing using the ForceFrame and the Copenhagen 5-SecondSqueeze test (5SST) for assessment of hip adduction strength and provoked groin pain in elite male soccer players.Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: Pre-season testing at facilities of a Danish professional 1st tier soccer club and academy.Participants: Elite male soccer players (n = 83, mean age; 16 +/- 2.7 years) from U13, U14, U15, U17, U19 and senior teams cleared for full training and match participation.Results: Hip adduction strength was 16% lower in the ForceFrame. A Bland-Altman plot showed a systematic bias (-0.47 Nm/kg, 95% CI [-0.57; -0.38]) and lack of agreement (95% limits of agreement: -1.31; 0.39 Nm/kg). In the ForceFrame, provoked groin pain was less intense (median NRS 0 [IQR: 0-1] vs. 555T: 1 [IQR: 0-3], p < 0.001) and reported by fewer players (NRS >0) (27% [n = 22] vs. 555T: 61.4% [n = 51], p < 0.001).Conclusions: The ForceFrame and the 5SST lack agreement and are not interchangeable methods. This may have implications when selecting a method for screening and detecting early groin problems in male soccer players. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

AB - Objectives: To compare long-lever squeeze testing using the ForceFrame and the Copenhagen 5-SecondSqueeze test (5SST) for assessment of hip adduction strength and provoked groin pain in elite male soccer players.Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: Pre-season testing at facilities of a Danish professional 1st tier soccer club and academy.Participants: Elite male soccer players (n = 83, mean age; 16 +/- 2.7 years) from U13, U14, U15, U17, U19 and senior teams cleared for full training and match participation.Results: Hip adduction strength was 16% lower in the ForceFrame. A Bland-Altman plot showed a systematic bias (-0.47 Nm/kg, 95% CI [-0.57; -0.38]) and lack of agreement (95% limits of agreement: -1.31; 0.39 Nm/kg). In the ForceFrame, provoked groin pain was less intense (median NRS 0 [IQR: 0-1] vs. 555T: 1 [IQR: 0-3], p < 0.001) and reported by fewer players (NRS >0) (27% [n = 22] vs. 555T: 61.4% [n = 51], p < 0.001).Conclusions: The ForceFrame and the 5SST lack agreement and are not interchangeable methods. This may have implications when selecting a method for screening and detecting early groin problems in male soccer players. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

KW - Adductor strength

KW - Groin pain

KW - Soccer

KW - Groin injury

KW - ForceFrame

KW - 5-Second-squeeze test

KW - Handheld dynamometer

KW - FOOTBALL

KW - INJURY

KW - LOCATION

KW - PREDICT

KW - SCORES

KW - TORQUE

KW - VALUES

U2 - 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.02.002

DO - 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.02.002

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 35176620

SN - 1466-853X

VL - 55

SP - 28

EP - 36

JO - Physical Therapy in Sport

JF - Physical Therapy in Sport

ER -