Impact of a multifactorial treatment programme on clinical outcomes and cardiovascular risk estimates: a retrospective cohort study from a specialised diabetes centre in Denmark

Narges Safai, Bendix Carstensen, Henrik Vestergaard, Martin Ridderstråle

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    Abstract

    OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of a multifactorial treatment programme in a real-life setting on clinical outcomes and estimated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

    DESIGN: A retrospective observational cohort study, using data from the electronic medical records and national registers.

    SETTING: Tertiary diabetes centre in Denmark.

    PARTICIPANTS: Patients with type 2 diabetes (n=4299) referred to a programme with focus on treatment of hyperglycaemia, hypertension and dyslipidaemia between 1 January 2001 and 1 April 2016.

    OUTCOMES: Primary outcomes were changes in haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol as well as proportion reaching treatment targets. Our secondary outcome was to investigate changes in antidiabetic, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment, together with the impact on estimated CVD risk. Linear mixed model for repeated measurements were used for continuous variables and logistic regression for dichotomous variables.

    RESULTS: The patients achieved a mean±SD decrease in HbA1c, systolic and diastolic BP and LDL cholesterol of 1.0%±0.04% (10.6±0.4 mmol/mol), 6.3±0.4 mm Hg, 2.7±0.2 mm Hg and 0.32±0.02 mmol/L, respectively (p<0.0001). The proportion of patients who met the treatment goal for HbA1c (<7% (<53 mmol/mol)) increased from 31% to 58% (p<0.0001); for BP (<130/80 mm Hg) from 24% to 34% (p<0.0001), and for LDL cholesterol (<2.5 mmol/L (patients without previous CVD) or <1.8 mmol/L (patients with previous CVD)) from 52% to 65%. Those reaching all three guideline treatment targets increased from 4% to 15% (p<0.0001), and when relaxing the BP target to <140/85 from 8% to 24%. The estimated CVD risk was relatively reduced by 15.2% using the Swedish National Diabetes Register risk engine and 30.9% using the UK Prospective Diabetes Study risk engine.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our data support that short-term multifactorial treatment of patients with glycaemic dysregulation in a specialist outpatient setting is both achievable and effective, and associated with a clinically meaningful improvement in CVD risk.

    Original languageEnglish
    Article numbere019214
    JournalBMJ Open
    Volume8
    Issue number3
    ISSN2044-6055
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 1 Mar 2018

    Keywords

    • Adult
    • Aged
    • Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
    • Blood Glucose/analysis
    • Blood Pressure/physiology
    • Cardiovascular Diseases/blood
    • Cholesterol/blood
    • Denmark
    • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
    • Dyslipidemias/drug therapy
    • Female
    • Glycated Hemoglobin A/analysis
    • Humans
    • Hypertension/drug therapy
    • Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
    • Logistic Models
    • Male
    • Middle Aged
    • Prospective Studies
    • Retrospective Studies
    • Risk Factors

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