Informal caregiving as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in individuals with favourable and unfavourable psychosocial work environments: a longitudinal multi-cohort study

Jesper Mortensen; Alice Jessie Clark; Theis Lange; Gregers Stig Andersen; Marcel Goldberg; Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen; Jenny Head; Mika Kivimäki; Ida Elisabeth Huitfeldt Madsen; Constanze Leineweber; Rikke Lund; Reiner Rugulies; Marie Zins; Hugo Westerlund; Naja Hulvej Rod

doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2017.04.001

Informal caregiving as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in individuals with favourable and unfavourable psychosocial work environments: a longitudinal multi-cohort study

Jesper Mortensen, Alice Jessie Clark, Theis Lange, Gregers Stig Andersen, Marcel Goldberg, Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen, Jenny Head, Mika Kivimäki, Ida Elisabeth Huitfeldt Madsen, Constanze Leineweber, Rikke Lund, Reiner Rugulies, Marie Zins, Hugo Westerlund, Naja Hulvej Rod

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

8 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Aim
To examine whether informal caregiving is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and whether job strain and social support at work modify the association.

Methods
Individual participant's data were pooled from three cohort studies—the French GAZEL study, the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) and the British Whitehall II study—a total of 21,243 study subjects. Informal caregiving was defined as unpaid care for a closely related person. Job strain was assessed using the demand-control model, and questions on co-worker and supervisor support were combined in a measure of social support at work. Incident T2D was ascertained using registry-based, clinically assessed and self-reported data.

Results
A total of 1058 participants developed T2D during the up to 10 years of follow-up. Neither informal caregiving (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.92–1.30) nor high job strain (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.86–1.26) were associated with T2D risk, whereas low social support at work was a risk factor for T2D (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02–1.37). Also, informal caregivers who were also exposed to low social support at work were at higher risk of T2D (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.08–1.82) compared with those who were not informal caregivers and had high social support at work (multiplicative test for interaction, P = 0.04; additive test for interaction, synergy index = 10).

Conclusion
Informal caregiving was not independently associated with T2D risk. However, low social support at work was a risk factor, and informal caregivers with low social support at work had even higher risks of T2D.

Original language	English
Journal	Diabetes & Metabolism
Volume	44
Issue number	1
Pages (from-to)	38-44
Number of pages	7
ISSN	1262-3636
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2017.04.001
Publication status	Published - 2018

Access to Document

10.1016/j.diabet.2017.04.001

Cite this

Mortensen, J., Clark, A. J., Lange, T., Andersen, G. S., Goldberg, M., Ramlau-Hansen, C. H., Head, J., Kivimäki, M., Madsen, I. E. H., Leineweber, C., Lund, R., Rugulies, R., Zins, M., Westerlund, H., & Rod, N. H. (2018). Informal caregiving as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in individuals with favourable and unfavourable psychosocial work environments: a longitudinal multi-cohort study. Diabetes & Metabolism, 44(1), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2017.04.001

Informal caregiving as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in individuals with favourable and unfavourable psychosocial work environments : a longitudinal multi-cohort study. / Mortensen, Jesper; Clark, Alice Jessie; Lange, Theis; Andersen, Gregers Stig; Goldberg, Marcel; Ramlau-Hansen, Cecilia Høst; Head, Jenny; Kivimäki, Mika; Madsen, Ida Elisabeth Huitfeldt; Leineweber, Constanze; Lund, Rikke; Rugulies, Reiner; Zins, Marie; Westerlund, Hugo; Rod, Naja Hulvej.

In: Diabetes & Metabolism, Vol. 44, No. 1, 2018, p. 38-44.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Mortensen, J, Clark, AJ, Lange, T, Andersen, GS, Goldberg, M, Ramlau-Hansen, CH, Head, J, Kivimäki, M, Madsen, IEH, Leineweber, C, Lund, R, Rugulies, R, Zins, M, Westerlund, H & Rod, NH 2018, 'Informal caregiving as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in individuals with favourable and unfavourable psychosocial work environments: a longitudinal multi-cohort study', Diabetes & Metabolism, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 38-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2017.04.001

Mortensen, Jesper ; Clark, Alice Jessie ; Lange, Theis ; Andersen, Gregers Stig ; Goldberg, Marcel ; Ramlau-Hansen, Cecilia Høst ; Head, Jenny ; Kivimäki, Mika ; Madsen, Ida Elisabeth Huitfeldt ; Leineweber, Constanze ; Lund, Rikke ; Rugulies, Reiner ; Zins, Marie ; Westerlund, Hugo ; Rod, Naja Hulvej. / Informal caregiving as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in individuals with favourable and unfavourable psychosocial work environments : a longitudinal multi-cohort study. In: Diabetes & Metabolism. 2018 ; Vol. 44, No. 1. pp. 38-44.

@article{20646a6c9ade444991a8d9c496c1bbf5,

title = "Informal caregiving as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in individuals with favourable and unfavourable psychosocial work environments: a longitudinal multi-cohort study",

abstract = "AimTo examine whether informal caregiving is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and whether job strain and social support at work modify the association.MethodsIndividual participant's data were pooled from three cohort studies—the French GAZEL study, the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) and the British Whitehall II study—a total of 21,243 study subjects. Informal caregiving was defined as unpaid care for a closely related person. Job strain was assessed using the demand-control model, and questions on co-worker and supervisor support were combined in a measure of social support at work. Incident T2D was ascertained using registry-based, clinically assessed and self-reported data.ResultsA total of 1058 participants developed T2D during the up to 10 years of follow-up. Neither informal caregiving (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.92–1.30) nor high job strain (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.86–1.26) were associated with T2D risk, whereas low social support at work was a risk factor for T2D (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02–1.37). Also, informal caregivers who were also exposed to low social support at work were at higher risk of T2D (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.08–1.82) compared with those who were not informal caregivers and had high social support at work (multiplicative test for interaction, P = 0.04; additive test for interaction, synergy index = 10).ConclusionInformal caregiving was not independently associated with T2D risk. However, low social support at work was a risk factor, and informal caregivers with low social support at work had even higher risks of T2D.",

author = "Jesper Mortensen and Clark, {Alice Jessie} and Theis Lange and Andersen, {Gregers Stig} and Marcel Goldberg and Ramlau-Hansen, {Cecilia H{\o}st} and Jenny Head and Mika Kivim{\"a}ki and Madsen, {Ida Elisabeth Huitfeldt} and Constanze Leineweber and Rikke Lund and Reiner Rugulies and Marie Zins and Hugo Westerlund and Rod, {Naja Hulvej}",

year = "2018",

doi = "10.1016/j.diabet.2017.04.001",

language = "English",

volume = "44",

pages = "38--44",

journal = "Diabetes & Metabolism",

issn = "1262-3636",

publisher = "Elsevier Masson",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Informal caregiving as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in individuals with favourable and unfavourable psychosocial work environments

T2 - a longitudinal multi-cohort study

AU - Mortensen, Jesper

AU - Clark, Alice Jessie

AU - Lange, Theis

AU - Andersen, Gregers Stig

AU - Goldberg, Marcel

AU - Ramlau-Hansen, Cecilia Høst

AU - Head, Jenny

AU - Kivimäki, Mika

AU - Madsen, Ida Elisabeth Huitfeldt

AU - Leineweber, Constanze

AU - Lund, Rikke

AU - Rugulies, Reiner

AU - Zins, Marie

AU - Westerlund, Hugo

AU - Rod, Naja Hulvej

PY - 2018

Y1 - 2018

N2 - AimTo examine whether informal caregiving is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and whether job strain and social support at work modify the association.MethodsIndividual participant's data were pooled from three cohort studies—the French GAZEL study, the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) and the British Whitehall II study—a total of 21,243 study subjects. Informal caregiving was defined as unpaid care for a closely related person. Job strain was assessed using the demand-control model, and questions on co-worker and supervisor support were combined in a measure of social support at work. Incident T2D was ascertained using registry-based, clinically assessed and self-reported data.ResultsA total of 1058 participants developed T2D during the up to 10 years of follow-up. Neither informal caregiving (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.92–1.30) nor high job strain (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.86–1.26) were associated with T2D risk, whereas low social support at work was a risk factor for T2D (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02–1.37). Also, informal caregivers who were also exposed to low social support at work were at higher risk of T2D (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.08–1.82) compared with those who were not informal caregivers and had high social support at work (multiplicative test for interaction, P = 0.04; additive test for interaction, synergy index = 10).ConclusionInformal caregiving was not independently associated with T2D risk. However, low social support at work was a risk factor, and informal caregivers with low social support at work had even higher risks of T2D.

AB - AimTo examine whether informal caregiving is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and whether job strain and social support at work modify the association.MethodsIndividual participant's data were pooled from three cohort studies—the French GAZEL study, the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) and the British Whitehall II study—a total of 21,243 study subjects. Informal caregiving was defined as unpaid care for a closely related person. Job strain was assessed using the demand-control model, and questions on co-worker and supervisor support were combined in a measure of social support at work. Incident T2D was ascertained using registry-based, clinically assessed and self-reported data.ResultsA total of 1058 participants developed T2D during the up to 10 years of follow-up. Neither informal caregiving (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.92–1.30) nor high job strain (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.86–1.26) were associated with T2D risk, whereas low social support at work was a risk factor for T2D (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02–1.37). Also, informal caregivers who were also exposed to low social support at work were at higher risk of T2D (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.08–1.82) compared with those who were not informal caregivers and had high social support at work (multiplicative test for interaction, P = 0.04; additive test for interaction, synergy index = 10).ConclusionInformal caregiving was not independently associated with T2D risk. However, low social support at work was a risk factor, and informal caregivers with low social support at work had even higher risks of T2D.

U2 - 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.04.001

DO - 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.04.001

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 28527866

VL - 44

SP - 38

EP - 44

JO - Diabetes & Metabolism

JF - Diabetes & Metabolism

SN - 1262-3636

IS - 1

ER -