Interspecific Gene Flow Shaped the Evolution of the Genus Canis

Shyam Gopalakrishnan*, Mikkel Holger S. Sinding, Jazmín Ramos-Madrigal, Jonas Niemann, Jose A. Samaniego Castruita, Filipe G. Vieira, Christian Carøe, Marc de Manuel Montero, Lukas Kuderna, Aitor Serres, Víctor Manuel González-Basallote, Yan Hu Liu, Guo Dong Wang, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Siavash Mirarab, Carlos Fernandes, Philippe Gaubert, Klaus Peter Koepfli, Jane Budd, Eli Knispel RuenessMads Peter Heide-Jørgensen, Bent Petersen, Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten, Lutz Bachmann, Øystein Wiig, Anders J. Hansen, M. Thomas P. Gilbert

*Corresponding author for this work

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    Abstract

    The evolutionary history of the wolf-like canids of the genus Canis has been heavily debated, especially regarding the number of distinct species and their relationships at the population and species level [1–6]. We assembled a dataset of 48 resequenced genomes spanning all members of the genus Canis except the black-backed and side-striped jackals, encompassing the global diversity of seven extant canid lineages. This includes eight new genomes, including the first resequenced Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis), one dhole (Cuon alpinus), two East African hunting dogs (Lycaon pictus), two Eurasian golden jackals (Canis aureus), and two Middle Eastern gray wolves (Canis lupus). The relationships between the Ethiopian wolf, African golden wolf, and golden jackal were resolved. We highlight the role of interspecific hybridization in the evolution of this charismatic group. Specifically, we find gene flow between the ancestors of the dhole and African hunting dog and admixture between the gray wolf, coyote (Canis latrans), golden jackal, and African golden wolf. Additionally, we report gene flow from gray and Ethiopian wolves to the African golden wolf, suggesting that the African golden wolf originated through hybridization between these species. Finally, we hypothesize that coyotes and gray wolves carry genetic material derived from a “ghost” basal canid lineage. Gopalakrishnan et al. present evidence of pervasive gene flow among species of the genus Canis. In addition to previously known admixture events, they find evidence of gene flow from a “ghost” canid, related to the dhole, into the ancestor of the gray wolf and coyote. Further, they suggest that the African golden wolf is a species of hybrid origin.

    Original languageEnglish
    JournalCurrent Biology
    Volume28
    Issue number21
    Pages (from-to)3441-3449
    ISSN0960-9822
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2018

    Bibliographical note

    Erratum: Interspecific Gene Flow Shaped the Evolution of the Genus Canis (Current Biology (2018) 28(21) (3441–3449.e5), (S0960982218311254), (10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.041))

    Keywords

    • African golden wolf
    • African hunting dog
    • canid hybridization
    • canid phylogeography
    • Ethiopian wolf
    • gray wolf
    • phylogenomics

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