Intracranial pressure before and after cranioplasty: insights into intracranial physiology

Alexander Lilja-Cyron*, Morten Andresen, Jesper Kelsen, Trine Hjorslev Andreasen, Lonnie Grove Petersen, Kåre Fugleholm, Marianne Juhler

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

13 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is an emergency neurosurgical procedure used in cases of severe intracranial hypertension or impending intracranial herniation. The procedure is often lifesaving, but it exposes the brain to atmospheric pressure in the subsequent rehabilitation period, which changes intracranial physiology and probably leads to complications such as hydrocephalus, hygromas, and "syndrome of the trephined." The objective of the study was to study the effect of cranioplasty on intracranial pressure (ICP), postural ICP changes, and intracranial pulse wave amplitude (PWA).

METHODS: The authors performed a prospective observational study including patients who underwent DC during a 12-month period. Telemetric ICP sensors were implanted in all patients at the time of DC. ICP was evaluated before and after cranioplasty during weekly measurement sessions including a standardized postural change program.

RESULTS: Twelve of the 17 patients enrolled in the study had cranioplasty performed and were included in the present investigation. Their mean ICP in the supine position increased from -0.5 +/- 4.8 mm Hg the week before cranioplasty to 6.3 +/- 2.5 mm Hg the week after cranioplasty (p <0.0001), whereas the mean ICP in the sitting position was unchanged (-1.2 +/- 4.8 vs -1.1 +/- 3.6 mm Hg, p = 0.90). The difference in ICP between the supine and sitting positions was minimal before cranioplasty (1.1 +/- 1.8 mm Hg) and increased to 7.4 +/- 3.6 mm Hg in the week following cranioplasty (p <0.0001). During the succeeding 2 weeks of the follow-up period, the mean ICP in the supine and sitting positions decreased in parallel to, respectively, 4.6 +/- 3.0 mm Hg (p = 0.0003) and -3.9 +/- 2.7 mm Hg (p = 0.040), meaning that the postural ICP difference remained constant at around 8 mm Hg. The mean intracranial PWA increased from 0.7 +/- 0.7 mm Hg to 2.9 +/- 0.8 mm Hg after cranioplasty (p <0.0001) and remained around 3 mm Hg throughout the following weeks.

CONCLUSIONS: Cranioplasty restores normal intracranial physiology regarding postural ICP changes and intracranial PWA. These findings complement those of previous investigations on cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolism in patients after decompressive craniectomy.

Original languageEnglish
JournalJournal of Neurosurgery
Volume133
Issue number5
Pages (from-to)1548–1558
ISSN0022-3085
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2020

Keywords

  • cerebrospinal fluid
  • cranioplasty
  • decompressive craniectomy
  • intracranial pressure
  • telemetry
  • traumatic brain injury
  • trauma
  • DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMY
  • PERFUSION
  • ICP
  • FEASIBILITY
  • GUIDELINES
  • MANAGEMENT
  • INFARCTION
  • STATEMENT
  • HEALTHY
  • SKULL

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