Job Strain as a Risk Factor for Peripheral Artery Disease: A Multi-Cohort Study

Katriina Heikkilä, Jaana Pentti, Ida E.H. Madsen, Tea Lallukka, Marianna Virtanen, Lars Alfredsson, Jakob Bjørner, Marianne Borritz, Eric Brunner, Hermann Burr, Jane E. Ferrie, Anders Knutsson, Aki Koskinen, Constanze Leineweber, Linda L. Magnusson Hanson, Martin L. Nielsen, Solja T. Nyberg, Tuula Oksanen, Jan H. Pejtersen, Olli PietiläinenOssi Rahkonen, Reiner Rugulies, Archana Singh-Manoux, Andrew Steptoe, Sakari Suominen, Töres Theorell, Jussi Vahtera, Ari Väänänen, Hugo Westerlund, Mika Kivimäki

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Abstract

Background Job strain is implicated in many atherosclerotic diseases, but its role in peripheral artery disease (PAD) is unclear. We investigated the association of job strain with hospital records of PAD, using individual-level data from 11 prospective cohort studies from Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and the United Kingdom. Methods and Results Job strain (high demands and low control at work) was self-reported at baseline (1985-2008). PAD records were ascertained from national hospitalization data. We used Cox regression to examine the associations of job strain with PAD in each study, and combined the study-specific estimates in random effects meta-analyses. We used τ2, I2, and subgroup analyses to examine heterogeneity. Of the 139 132 participants with no previous hospitalization with PAD, 32 489 (23.4%) reported job strain at baseline. During 1 718 132 person-years at risk (mean follow-up 12.8 years), 667 individuals had a hospital record of PAD (3.88 per 10 000 person-years). Job strain was associated with a 1.41-fold (95% CI, 1.11-1.80) increased average risk of hospitalization with PAD. The study-specific estimates were moderately heterogeneous (τ2=0.0427, I2: 26.9%). Despite variation in their magnitude, the estimates were consistent in both sexes, across the socioeconomic hierarchy and by baseline smoking status. Additional adjustment for baseline diabetes mellitus did not change the direction or magnitude of the observed associations. Conclusions Job strain was associated with small but consistent increase in the risk of hospitalization with PAD, with the relative risks on par with those for coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere013538
JournalJournal of the American Heart Association
Volume9
Issue number9
Number of pages22
ISSN2047-9980
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2020

Keywords

  • epidemiology
  • job strain
  • meta‐analysis
  • peripheral artery disease
  • risk factors

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