TY - JOUR
T1 - Lipidome changes due to improved dietary fat quality inform cardiometabolic risk reduction and precision nutrition
AU - Eichelmann, Fabian
AU - Prada, Marcela
AU - Sellem, Laury
AU - Jackson, Kim G.
AU - Salas Salvadó, Jordi
AU - Razquin Burillo, Cristina
AU - Estruch, Ramon
AU - Friedén, Michael
AU - Rosqvist, Frederik
AU - Risérus, Ulf
AU - Rexrode, Kathryn M.
AU - Guasch-Ferré, Marta
AU - Sun, Qi
AU - Willett, Walter C.
AU - Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel Angel
AU - Lovegrove, Julie A.
AU - Hu, Frank B.
AU - Schulze, Matthias B.
AU - Wittenbecher, Clemens
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2024.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Current cardiometabolic disease prevention guidelines recommend increasing dietary unsaturated fat intake while reducing saturated fats. Here we use lipidomics data from a randomized controlled dietary intervention trial to construct a multilipid score (MLS), summarizing the effects of replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fat on 45 lipid metabolite concentrations. In the EPIC-Potsdam cohort, a difference in the MLS, reflecting better dietary fat quality, was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (−32%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): −21% to −42%) and type 2 diabetes (−26%; 95% CI: −15% to −35%). We built a closely correlated simplified score, reduced MLS (rMLS), and observed that beneficial rMLS changes, suggesting improved dietary fat quality over 10 years, were associated with lower diabetes risk (odds ratio per standard deviation of 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59 to 0.98) in the Nurses’ Health Study. Furthermore, in the PREDIMED trial, an olive oil-rich Mediterranean diet intervention primarily reduced diabetes incidence among participants with unfavorable preintervention rMLS levels, suggestive of disturbed lipid metabolism before intervention. Our findings indicate that the effects of dietary fat quality on the lipidome can contribute to a more precise understanding and possible prediction of the health outcomes of specific dietary fat modifications.
AB - Current cardiometabolic disease prevention guidelines recommend increasing dietary unsaturated fat intake while reducing saturated fats. Here we use lipidomics data from a randomized controlled dietary intervention trial to construct a multilipid score (MLS), summarizing the effects of replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fat on 45 lipid metabolite concentrations. In the EPIC-Potsdam cohort, a difference in the MLS, reflecting better dietary fat quality, was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (−32%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): −21% to −42%) and type 2 diabetes (−26%; 95% CI: −15% to −35%). We built a closely correlated simplified score, reduced MLS (rMLS), and observed that beneficial rMLS changes, suggesting improved dietary fat quality over 10 years, were associated with lower diabetes risk (odds ratio per standard deviation of 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59 to 0.98) in the Nurses’ Health Study. Furthermore, in the PREDIMED trial, an olive oil-rich Mediterranean diet intervention primarily reduced diabetes incidence among participants with unfavorable preintervention rMLS levels, suggestive of disturbed lipid metabolism before intervention. Our findings indicate that the effects of dietary fat quality on the lipidome can contribute to a more precise understanding and possible prediction of the health outcomes of specific dietary fat modifications.
U2 - 10.1038/s41591-024-03124-1
DO - 10.1038/s41591-024-03124-1
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 38992128
AN - SCOPUS:85198090343
VL - 30
SP - 2867
EP - 2877
JO - Nature Medicine
JF - Nature Medicine
SN - 1078-8956
ER -