TY - JOUR
T1 - Long-term air pollution and road traffic noise exposure and COPD
T2 - the Danish Nurse Cohort
AU - Liu, Shuo
AU - Lim, Youn-Hee
AU - Pedersen, Marie
AU - Jørgensen, Jeanette T
AU - Amini, Heresh
AU - Cole-Hunter, Thomas
AU - Mehta, Amar J
AU - So, Rina
AU - Mortensen, Laust H
AU - Westendorp, Rudi G J
AU - Loft, Steffen
AU - Bräuner, Elvira V
AU - Ketzel, Matthias
AU - Hertel, Ole
AU - Brandt, Jørgen
AU - Jensen, Steen S
AU - Christensen, Jesper H.
AU - Sigsgaard, Torben
AU - Geels, Camilla
AU - Frohn, Lise M
AU - Brborić, Maja
AU - Radonić, Jelena
AU - Sekulic, Maja Turk
AU - Bønnelykke, Klaus
AU - Backalarz, Claus
AU - Simonsen, Mette K
AU - Andersen, Zorana J
N1 - Copyright ©The authors 2021. For reproduction rights and permissions contact [email protected].
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - BACKGROUND: While air pollution has been linked to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), evidence on the role of environmental noise is just emerging. We examined the associations of long-term exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise with COPD incidence.METHODS: We defined COPD incidence for 24 538 female nurses from the Danish Nurse Cohort (age>44 years) as the first hospital contact between baseline (1993 or 1999) and 2015. We estimated residential annual mean concentrations of particulate matter with diameter<2.5 µm (PM2.5) since 1990 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) since 1970 by the Danish DEHM/UBM/AirGIS modeling system, and road traffic noise (Lden) since 1970 by the Nord2000 model. Time-varying Cox regression models were applied to assess the associations of air pollution and road traffic noise with COPD incidence.RESULTS: 977 nurses developed COPD during 18.6 years' mean follow-up. We observed associations with COPD for all three exposures with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 1.19 (1.01, 1.41) per 6.26 µg·m-3 for PM2.5, 1.13 (1.05, 1.20) per 8.19 µg·m-3 for NO2, and 1.15 (1.06, 1.25) per 10 dB for Lden. Associations with NO2 and Lden attenuated slightly after mutual adjustment, but were robust to adjustment for PM2.5. Associations with PM2.5 were attenuated to null after adjustment for either NO2 or Lden. No potential interaction effect was observed between air pollutants and noise.CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to air pollution, especially traffic-related NO2, and road traffic noise were independently associated with COPD.
AB - BACKGROUND: While air pollution has been linked to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), evidence on the role of environmental noise is just emerging. We examined the associations of long-term exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise with COPD incidence.METHODS: We defined COPD incidence for 24 538 female nurses from the Danish Nurse Cohort (age>44 years) as the first hospital contact between baseline (1993 or 1999) and 2015. We estimated residential annual mean concentrations of particulate matter with diameter<2.5 µm (PM2.5) since 1990 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) since 1970 by the Danish DEHM/UBM/AirGIS modeling system, and road traffic noise (Lden) since 1970 by the Nord2000 model. Time-varying Cox regression models were applied to assess the associations of air pollution and road traffic noise with COPD incidence.RESULTS: 977 nurses developed COPD during 18.6 years' mean follow-up. We observed associations with COPD for all three exposures with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 1.19 (1.01, 1.41) per 6.26 µg·m-3 for PM2.5, 1.13 (1.05, 1.20) per 8.19 µg·m-3 for NO2, and 1.15 (1.06, 1.25) per 10 dB for Lden. Associations with NO2 and Lden attenuated slightly after mutual adjustment, but were robust to adjustment for PM2.5. Associations with PM2.5 were attenuated to null after adjustment for either NO2 or Lden. No potential interaction effect was observed between air pollutants and noise.CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to air pollution, especially traffic-related NO2, and road traffic noise were independently associated with COPD.
U2 - 10.1183/13993003.04594-2020
DO - 10.1183/13993003.04594-2020
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 33986028
VL - 57
JO - The European respiratory journal
JF - The European respiratory journal
SN - 0903-1936
IS - 6
ER -