Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Patients with somatoform disorders could be vulnerable to stressors and have difficulties coping with stress. The aim was to explore what the patients experience as stressful and how they resolve stress in everyday life.
METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective design using 24 semi-structured individual life history interviews. Data-analysis was based on grounded theory.
RESULTS: A major concern in patients was a longing for existential recognition. This influenced the patients' self-confidence, stress appraisals, symptom perceptions, and coping attitudes. Generally, patients had difficulties with self-confidence and self-recognition of bodily sensations, feelings, vulnerability, and needs, which negatively framed their attempts to obtain recognition in social interactions. Experiences of recognition appeared in three different modalities: 1) "existential misrecognition" covered the experience of being met with distrust and disrespect, 2) "uncertain existential recognition" covered experiences of unclear communication and a perception of not being totally recognized, and 3) "successful existential recognition" covered experiences of total respect and understanding. "Misrecognition" and "uncertain recognition" related to decreased self-confidence, avoidant coping behaviours, increased stress, and symptom appraisal; whereas "successful recognition" related to higher self-confidence, active coping behaviours, decreased stress, and symptom appraisal.
CONCLUSION: Different modalities of existential recognition influenced self-identity and social identity affecting patients' daily stress and symptom appraisals, self-confidence, self-recognition, and coping attitudes. Clinically it seems crucial to improve the patients' ability to communicate concerns, feelings, and needs in social interactions. Better communicative skills and more active coping could reduce the harm the patients experienced by not being recognized and increase the healing potential of successful recognition.
Original language | English |
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Journal | Journal of Psychosomatic Research |
Volume | 76 |
Issue number | 2 |
Pages (from-to) | 99-104 |
Number of pages | 6 |
ISSN | 0022-3999 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Feb 2014 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Keywords
- Adaptation, Psychological
- Adult
- Affective Symptoms/psychology
- Communication
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Emotions
- Existentialism
- Female
- Humans
- Interpersonal Relations
- Interview, Psychological
- Male
- Medical History Taking
- Middle Aged
- Models, Psychological
- Qualitative Research
- Recognition, Psychology
- Retrospective Studies
- Self Concept
- Social Support
- Somatoform Disorders/complications
- Stress, Psychological/complications
- Value of Life
- Young Adult