Malonyl-CoA and carnitine in regulation of fat oxidation in human skeletal muscle during exercise

Carsten Roepstorff, Nils Halberg, Thore Hillig, Asish K. Saha, Neil B. Ruderman, Jørgen Wojtaszewski, Erik A. Richter, Bente Kiens

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    Abstract

    Intracellular mechanisms regulating fat oxidation were investigated in human skeletal muscle during exercise. Eight young, healthy, moderately trained men performed bicycle exercise (60 min, 65% peak O2 consumption) on two occasions, where they ingested either 1) a high-carbohydrate diet (H-CHO) or 2) a low-carbohydrate diet (L-CHO) before exercise to alter muscle glycogen content as well as to induce, respectively, low and high rates of fat oxidation. Leg fat oxidation was 122% higher during exercise in L-CHO than in H-CHO (P < 0.001). In keeping with this, the activity of a2-AMP-activated protein kinase (a2-AMPK) was increased twice as much in L-CHO as in H-CHO (P < 0.01) at 60 min of exercise. However, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)ß Ser221 phosphorylation was increased to the same extent (6-fold) under the two conditions. The concentration of malonyl-CoA was reduced 13% by exercise in both conditions (P < 0.05). Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was higher during exercise in H-CHO than in L-CHO (P < 0.01). In H-CHO only, the concentrations of acetyl-CoA and acetylcarnitine were increased (P < 0.001), and the concentration of free carnitine was decreased (P < 0.01), by exercise. The data suggest that a decrease in the concentration of malonyl-CoA, secondary to a2-AMPK activation and ACC inhibition (by phosphorylation), contributes to the increase in fat oxidation observed at the onset of exercise regardless of muscle glycogen levels. They also suggest that, with high muscle glycogen, the availability of free carnitine may limit fat oxidation during exercise, due to its increased use for acetylcarnitine formation.
    Original languageEnglish
    JournalAmerican Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism
    Volume288
    Issue number1
    Pages (from-to)E133-E142
    Number of pages10
    ISSN0193-1849
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2005

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