Monocytosis in primary care and risk of haematological malignancies

Mathilde Egelund Christensen*, Volkert Siersma, Margit Kriegbaum, Bent Struer Lind, Jan Samuelsson, Lene Sofie Granfeldt Østgård, Kirsten Grønbæk, Christen Lykkegaard Andersen

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

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Abstract

Monocytosis (≥0.5 × 109/L in peripheral blood) is the hallmark of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) but may be present in a spectrum of diseases including other haematological malignancies. In the primary care sector, monocytosis is a relatively common finding, but its predictive value for haematological malignancy is unknown. We included 663 184 adult primary care patients from the greater Copenhagen area with one or more differential cell counts registered between 2000 and 2016 and followed them in the extensive nationwide Danish health data registers for 3 years after blood sampling. We used logistic regression to model the risk of haematological malignancy and death following monocytosis. Monocytosis was associated with an increased risk of all types of haematological malignancy with the greatest relative risk increase observed in CMML with an OR of 105.22 (95% confidence interval: 38.27–289.30). Sustained monocytosis (at least two requisitions in 3 months) further increased CMML risk, although the diagnosis was still very rare, that is, observed in only 0.1% of these individuals. Outside the haematological setting, the absolute risk of haematological malignancy associated with monocytosis is low and haematological malignancy should mainly be suspected when monocytosis is sustained or the clinical presentation raises suspicion of malignancy.

Original languageEnglish
Book seriesEuropean Journal of Haematology
Volume110
Issue number4
Pages (from-to)362-370
Number of pages9
ISSN0902-4441
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 University of Copenhagen. European Journal of Haematology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Keywords

  • haematologic neoplasms
  • monocytes
  • primary health care
  • risk factors

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