Noninvasive Estimation of Pressure Changes Using 2-D Vector Velocity Ultrasound: An Experimental Study with In Vivo Examples

Jacob Bjerring Olesen*, Carlos Armando Villagomez-Hoyos, Niclas Dechau Moller, Caroline Ewertsen, Kristoffer Lindskov Hansen, Michael Bachmann Nielsen, Bo Bech, Lars Lonn, Marie Sand Traberg, Jorgen Arendt Jensen

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

21 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

A noninvasive method for estimating intravascular pressure changes using 2-D vector velocity is presented. The method was first validated on computational fluid dynamic (CFD) data and with catheter measurements on phantoms. Hereafter, the method was tested in vivo at the carotid bifurcation and at the aortic valve of two healthy volunteers. Ultrasound measurements were performed using the experimental scanner SARUS, in combination with an 8 MHz linear array transducer for experimental scans and a carotid scan, whereas a 3.5-MHz phased array probe was employed for a scan of an aortic valve. Measured 2-D fields of angle-independent vector velocities were obtained using synthetic aperture imaging. Pressure drops from simulated steady flow through six vessel geometries spanning different degrees of diameter narrowing, running from 20%-70%, showed relative biases from 0.35% to 12.06%, depending on the degree of constriction. Phantom measurements were performed on a vessel with the same geometry as the 70% constricted CFD model. The derived pressure drops were compared to pressure drops measured by a clinically used 4F catheter and to a finite-element model. The proposed method showed peak systolic pressure drops of -3 kPa ± 57 Pa, while the catheter and the simulation model showed -5.4 kPa ± 52 Pa and -2.9 kPa, respectively. An in vivo acquisition of 10 s was made at the carotid bifurcation. This produced eight cardiac cycles from where pressure gradients of -227 ± 15 Pa were found. Finally, the aortic valve measurement showed a peak pressure drop of -2.1 kPa over one cardiac cycle. In conclusion, pressure gradients from convective flow changes are detectable using 2-D vector velocity ultrasound.

Original languageEnglish
JournalIEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
Volume65
Issue number5
Pages (from-to)709-719
Number of pages11
ISSN0885-3010
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2018

Keywords

  • Blood
  • medical ultrasound
  • noninvasiv
  • pressure gradient
  • vector flow estimation

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