Nutrient re-routing and altered gut-islet cell crosstalk may explain early relief of severe postprandial hypoglycaemia after reversal of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

M S Svane, M B Toft-Nielsen, V B Kristiansen, B Hartmann, J J Holst, S Madsbad, K N Bojsen-Møller

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is associated with an increased risk of postprandial hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia, but the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood. We therefore examined the effect of re-routing of nutrient delivery on gut-islet cell crosstalk in a person with severe postprandial hypoglycaemia after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

CASE REPORT: A person with severe postprandial hypoglycaemia, who underwent surgical reversal of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, was studied before reversal and at 2 weeks and 3 months after reversal surgery using liquid mixed meal tests and hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps. The nadir of postprandial plasma glucose rose from 2.8 mmol/l to 4.1 mmol/l at 2 weeks and to 4.4 mmol/l at 3 months after reversal. Concomitant insulin- and glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion (peak concentrations and area under the curve) clearly decreased after reversal, while concentrations of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and ghrelin increased. Insulin clearance declined after reversal, whereas clamp-estimated peripheral insulin sensitivity was unchanged. The person remained without symptoms of hypoglycaemia, but had experienced significant weight gain at 15- month follow-up.

DISCUSSION: Accelerated nutrient absorption may be a driving force behind postprandial hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Re-routing of nutrients by reversal of the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass diminished postprandial plasma glucose excursions, alleviated postprandial insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 hypersecretion and eliminated postprandial hypoglycaemia, which emphasizes the importance of altered gut-islet cell crosstalk for glucose metabolism after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Original languageEnglish
JournalDiabetic Medicine Online
Volume34
Issue number12
Pages (from-to)1783-1787
ISSN1464-5491
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2017

Keywords

  • Case Reports

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