Participant characteristics in the prevention of gestational diabetes as evidence for precision medicine: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Siew S. Lim, Wubet Worku Takele, Kimberly K. Vesco, Leanne M. Redman, Wesley Hannah, Maxine P. Bonham, Mingling Chen, Sian C. Chivers, Andrea J. Fawcett, Jessica A. Grieger, Nahal Habibi, Gloria K.W. Leung, Kai Liu, Eskedar Getie Mekonnen, Maleesa Pathirana, Alejandra Quinteros, Rachael Taylor, Gebresilasea G. Ukke, Shao J. Zhou, Tina Vilsbøll (Member of author collaboration)Ruth J.F. Loos, Mariam Nakabuye, Torben Hansen, Marta Guasch-Ferré, Christoffer Clemmensen, Mette K. Andersen, Anne Cathrine B. Thuesen, Jordi Merino, ADA/EASD PMDI

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Abstract

Background: Precision prevention involves using the unique characteristics of a particular group to determine their responses to preventive interventions. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the participant characteristics associated with responses to interventions in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevention. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Pubmed to identify lifestyle (diet, physical activity, or both), metformin, myoinositol/inositol and probiotics interventions of GDM prevention published up to May 24, 2022. Results: From 10347 studies, 116 studies (n = 40940 women) are included. Physical activity results in greater GDM reduction in participants with a normal body mass index (BMI) at baseline compared to obese BMI (risk ratio, 95% confidence interval: 0.06 [0.03, 0.14] vs 0.68 [0.26, 1.60]). Combined diet and physical activity interventions result in greater GDM reduction in participants without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) than those with PCOS (0.62 [0.47, 0.82] vs 1.12 [0.78–1.61]) and in those without a history of GDM than those with unspecified GDM history (0.62 [0.47, 0.81] vs 0.85 [0.76, 0.95]). Metformin interventions are more effective in participants with PCOS than those with unspecified status (0.38 [0.19, 0.74] vs 0.59 [0.25, 1.43]), or when commenced preconception than during pregnancy (0.21 [0.11, 0.40] vs 1.15 [0.86–1.55]). Parity, history of having a large-for-gestational-age infant or family history of diabetes have no effect on intervention responses. Conclusions: GDM prevention through metformin or lifestyle differs according to some individual characteristics. Future research should include trials commencing preconception and provide results disaggregated by a priori defined participant characteristics including social and environmental factors, clinical traits, and other novel risk factors to predict GDM prevention through interventions.

Original languageEnglish
Article number137
JournalCommunications Medicine
Volume3
Issue number1
Number of pages11
ISSN2730-664X
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2023

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