Plasma vitamin B12 concentration is positively associated with cognitive development in healthy Danish 3-year-old children: the SKOT cohort studies

Anni Larnkjær*, Sophie Hilario Christensen, Mads Vendelbo Lind, Kim F. Michaelsen, Christian Mølgaard

*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Adequate vitamin B12 (B12)and folate concentrations are essential for neural development in early childhood but studies in well-nourished children are lacking. We investigated the relation between plasma B12 and folate at 9 and 36 months and psychomotor development at 36 months in well-nourished Danish children. Subjects from the SKOT cohorts with B12 measurement and completed Ages and Stages Questionnaire, 3rd edition (ASQ-3) at 36 months were included (n=280). Dietary intake, B12 and folate concentrations were collected at 9 and 36 months, and ASQ-3 was assessed at 36 months. Associations between vitamin B12 and folate at 9 and 36 months and ASQ-3 were analyzed using regression models. Associations between diet and vitamin B12 were also investigated. No children had insufficient B12 (<148pmol/L) at 36 months. B12 at 36 month was positively associated with total ASQ-3 corresponding to an increase of 100 pmol/l B12 per 1.5 increase in total ASQ-3 score (= 0.019) which remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders including 9 months values. B12 at 9 months or folate at any time point was not associated with total ASQ-3. Intake of milk products was associated with B12 at 36 months (= 0.003) and showed a trend at 9 months (= 0.069). Intake of meat products was not associated with B12. In conclusion, B12 was positively related to psychomotor development at 3 years in well-nourished children, indicating that the impact of having marginally low B12 status on psychomotor development in well-nourished children should be examined further.

Original languageEnglish
JournalBritish Journal of Nutrition
Volume128
Issue number10
Pages (from-to)1946-1954
Number of pages9
ISSN0007-1145
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2022

Keywords

  • Faculty of Science
  • Early childhood
  • Vitamin B12 status
  • Development
  • Cognition
  • Folate

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