Abstract
Background/Objectives: Crickets are recognized as an alternative source of chitosan. This study aimed to assess the potential of cricket-derived chitosan as a natural source to develop chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs). Methods: Chitosan were isolated from different cricket species, including Gryllus bimaculatus, Teleogryllus mitratus, and Acheta domesticus. The isolated chitosan were characterized by their functional groups, crystallographic and thermal properties, molecular structure, morphology, water solubility, molecular weight, binding capacity, irritation potential, and cytotoxicity in comparison to commercial shrimp-based chitosan. CNPs were developed through an ionotropic gelation method, followed by the evaluation of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. Results: The findings of this study indicate that chitosan can be successfully isolated from the three cricket species, with yields ranging from 4.35% to 5.22% w/w of the dried material. The characteristics of cricket-based chitosan were similar to those of commercial chitosan, except that the cricket-based chitosan displayed a higher crystallinity and a lower molecular weight. Additionally, CPNs were successfully produced from cricket-based chitosan using sodium citrate as a crosslinking agent. All cricket-based chitosan exhibited no irritation or cytotoxicity. Chitosan derived from A. domesticus however was found to be the most suitable to develop CPNs, as it produced the smallest particle size (522.0 ± 12.1 nm) with a comparatively narrow PDI (0.388 ± 0.026) and an acceptable positive zeta potential (34.2 ± 4.4 mV). Conclusions: Cricket-derived chitosan compares favorably with crustacean-derived chitosan and showed potential for a range of applications, including the use as a nanocosmeceutical delivery system in topical and cosmetic formulations.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 1618 |
Journal | Pharmaceutics |
Volume | 16 |
Issue number | 12 |
Number of pages | 21 |
ISSN | 1999-4923 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2024 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The authors are grateful to the Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, and Chulabhorn Royal Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Facility for their instrumental analysis support. J.I. would like to acknowledge the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research, and Innovation, Thailand, for financial support under the Thai Government Science and Technology scholarships and the Teaching Assistant and Research Assistant (TA/RA) scholarships provided by Chiang Mai University. The APC was funded by the Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Research Center of Deep Technology in Beekeeping and Bee Products for Sustainable Development Goals (SMART BEE SDGs), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, and partially supported by Chiang Mai University.
Funding Information:
This research was funded by the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT), grant number 3897621.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 by the authors.
Keywords
- Acheta domesticus
- chitosan
- cricket
- Gryllus bimaculatus
- ionotropic gelation
- nanoparticle
- Teleogryllus mitratus