TY - JOUR
T1 - Prenatal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and decreased skeletal muscle mass in 6-year-old children
T2 - A prospective birth cohort study
AU - Lee, Dong-Wook
AU - Lim, Youn-Hee
AU - Shin, Choong-Ho
AU - Lee, Young-Ah
AU - Kim, Bung-Nyun
AU - Kim, Johanna Inhyang
AU - Hong, Yun-Chul
N1 - Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - BACKGROUND/AIM: Phthalate is a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical that has anti-androgenic effects. Although there are several studies on the relationship between body composition and phthalate, studies that investigated the effects of phthalate on skeletal muscle during childhood are lacking.METHODS: We analyzed data from 481 mother-and-child pairs enrolled in the Environment and Development of Children cohort in South Korea. We examined the association between phthalate metabolites (mono [2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl] phthalate [MEHHP], mono [2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl] phthalate [MEOHP], molar sum of MEHHP and MEOHP [Σ DEHP], and mono-n-butyl phthalate [MnBP]) in prenatal maternal urine and children's urine at the age of 6, and body composition indices (body mass index [BMI] z-score, percentage of fat mass, fat mass index, percentage of skeletal muscle, and the skeletal muscle index [SMI]) measured when the child was 6 years using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer.RESULTS: A 2-fold increase in Σ DEHP and MnBP in the prenatal maternal urine was significantly associated with a -0.07 unit (95% CI: -0.11, -0.03) and -0.09 unit (95% CI: -0.14, -0.03) change in SMI, respectively, in 6-year old girls alone. BMI z-score was also negatively associated with a 2-fold increase in MEHHP and MnBP in prenatal maternal urine as -0.11 unit (95% CI: -0.22, -0.01) and -0.15 unit (95% CI: -0.28, -0.02) change, respectively, only among girls. Among boys, phthalate metabolites in the prenatal and children's urine were not significantly associated with any body composition indices.CONCLUSIONS: Our longitudinal study shows that high levels of prenatal exposure to phthalates are significantly associated with decreased SMI among girls. We can postulate that anti-androgenic effects of phthalates during pregnancy may affect girl offspring's muscle growth.
AB - BACKGROUND/AIM: Phthalate is a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical that has anti-androgenic effects. Although there are several studies on the relationship between body composition and phthalate, studies that investigated the effects of phthalate on skeletal muscle during childhood are lacking.METHODS: We analyzed data from 481 mother-and-child pairs enrolled in the Environment and Development of Children cohort in South Korea. We examined the association between phthalate metabolites (mono [2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl] phthalate [MEHHP], mono [2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl] phthalate [MEOHP], molar sum of MEHHP and MEOHP [Σ DEHP], and mono-n-butyl phthalate [MnBP]) in prenatal maternal urine and children's urine at the age of 6, and body composition indices (body mass index [BMI] z-score, percentage of fat mass, fat mass index, percentage of skeletal muscle, and the skeletal muscle index [SMI]) measured when the child was 6 years using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer.RESULTS: A 2-fold increase in Σ DEHP and MnBP in the prenatal maternal urine was significantly associated with a -0.07 unit (95% CI: -0.11, -0.03) and -0.09 unit (95% CI: -0.14, -0.03) change in SMI, respectively, in 6-year old girls alone. BMI z-score was also negatively associated with a 2-fold increase in MEHHP and MnBP in prenatal maternal urine as -0.11 unit (95% CI: -0.22, -0.01) and -0.15 unit (95% CI: -0.28, -0.02) change, respectively, only among girls. Among boys, phthalate metabolites in the prenatal and children's urine were not significantly associated with any body composition indices.CONCLUSIONS: Our longitudinal study shows that high levels of prenatal exposure to phthalates are significantly associated with decreased SMI among girls. We can postulate that anti-androgenic effects of phthalates during pregnancy may affect girl offspring's muscle growth.
U2 - 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109020
DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109020
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 31863942
VL - 182
JO - Environmental Research
JF - Environmental Research
SN - 0013-9351
M1 - 109020
ER -