Prokaryotic diversity of the rhizosphere in Argentine wine-producing regions

Argentina is the seventh-largest wine producer globally, with its vast geographical and climatic diversity contributing to wines that reflect distinctive regional characteristics. Microorganisms associated with vines play a crucial role in shaping wine quality. Recent studies have highlighted significant differences in microbial communities across grape varieties and vineyard locations. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the diversity of prokaryotic microorganisms in the rhizosphere of vineyards located in three prominent wine regions of Argentina, using next-generation sequencing methods. The research focused on the two most iconic Argentine cultivars: Malbec and Cabernet-Sauvignon. The physicochemical properties of the vineyard soils were assessed using principal component analysis, revealing distinct differences among the regions. While no significant differences in microbial diversity were found between Malbec and Cabernet-Sauvignon vineyards, notable variations were observed among the vineyard locations. Taxonomic identification showed distinct microbial compositions across regions, with substantial differences in abundance at the family level. Canonical correspondence analysis further demonstrated correlations between soil physicochemical properties and microbial families, underscoring the influence of soil characteristics on microbiota composition. These variations in microbial populations established a site-specific prokaryotic profile that could serve as a unique identifying signature. Understanding these interactions is critical for refining vineyard management practices and shaping the sensory characteristics of wines produced in diverse regions.