Risk of early-onset prostate cancer associated with occupation in the Nordic countries

Kathryn Hughes Barry, Jan Ivar Martinsen, Michael C. R. Alavanja, Gabriella Andreotti, Aaron Blair, Johnni Hansen, Kristina Kjærheim, Stella Koutros, Elsebeth Lynge, Pär Sparèn, Laufey Tryggvadottir, Elisabete Weiderpass, Sonja I. Berndt, Eero Pukkala

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

21 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Early-onset prostate cancer is often more aggressive and may have a different aetiology than later-onset prostate cancer, but has been relatively little studied to date. We evaluated occupation in relation to early- and later-onset prostate cancer in a large pooled study.

METHODS: We used occupational information from census data in five Nordic countries from 1960 to 1990. We identified prostate cancer cases diagnosed from 1961 to 2005 by linkage of census information to national cancer registries and calculated standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) separately for men aged 30-49 and those aged 50 or older. We also conducted separate analyses by period of follow-up, 1961-1985 and 1986-2005, corresponding to pre- and post-prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening.

RESULTS: For early-onset prostate cancer (n = 1521), we observed the highest SIRs for public safety workers (e.g. firefighters) (SIR = 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-2.31) and military personnel (SIR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.31-2.85). These SIRs were significantly higher than the SIRs for later-onset disease (for public safety workers, SIR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.07-1.14 and for military personnel, SIR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.13; pheterogeneity = 0.005 and 0.002, respectively). Administrators and technical workers also demonstrated significantly increased risks for early-onset prostate cancer, but the SIRs did not differ from those of later-onset disease (pheterogeneity >0.05). While our early-onset finding for public safety workers was restricted to the post-PSA period, that for military personnel was restricted to the pre-PSA period.

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that occupational exposures, particularly for military personnel, may be associated with early-onset prostate cancer. Further evaluation is needed to explain these findings.

Original languageEnglish
JournalEuropean Journal of Cancer
Volume87
Pages (from-to)92-100
Number of pages9
ISSN0959-8049
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2017

Keywords

  • Journal Article

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