Search for Multi-flare Neutrino Emissions in 10 yr of IceCube Data from a Catalog of Sources

R. Abbasi; M. Ackermann; J. Adams; M. Ahlers; T. Anderson; G. Binder; E. Bourbeau; J. Braun; C. Chen; M. Dittmer; R. Engel; J. Evans; L. Fischer; A. Garcia; A. Goldschmidt; R. Hoffmann; M. Jansson; B. J. P. Jones; D. Kang; M. Karl; S. R. Klein; D. J. Koskinen; T. Kozynets; M. J. Larson; J. W. Lee; Y. Li; Q. R. Liu; Y. Lyu; J. Madsen; J. Mead; M. Meier; N. Park; L. Paul; L. Peters; M. Plum; M. Rameez; A. Rehman; S. Reusch; S. Sarkar; S. Sarkar; T. Schmidt; A. Schneider; A. Sharma; T. Stuttard; M. J. Weiss; M. Wolf; X. W. Xu; Y. Xu; S. Yu; Z. Zhang; Icecube Collaboration

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac2c7b

Search for Multi-flare Neutrino Emissions in 10 yr of IceCube Data from a Catalog of Sources

R. Abbasi^*, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, M. Ahlers, T. Anderson, G. Binder, E. Bourbeau, J. Braun, C. Chen, M. Dittmer, R. Engel, J. Evans, L. Fischer, A. Garcia, A. Goldschmidt, R. Hoffmann, M. Jansson, B. J. P. Jones, D. Kang, M. KarlS. R. Klein, D. J. Koskinen, T. Kozynets, M. J. Larson, J. W. Lee, Y. Li, Q. R. Liu, Y. Lyu, J. Madsen, J. Mead, M. Meier, N. Park, L. Paul, L. Peters, M. Plum, M. Rameez, A. Rehman, S. Reusch, S. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, A. Sharma, T. Stuttard, M. J. Weiss, M. Wolf, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, S. Yu, Z. Zhang, Icecube Collaboration

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Letter › Research › peer-review

12 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

A recent time-integrated analysis of a catalog of 110 candidate neutrino sources revealed a cumulative neutrino excess in the data collected by IceCube between 2008 April 6 and 2018 July 10. This excess, inconsistent with the background hypothesis in the Northern Hemisphere at the 3.3 sigma level, is associated with four sources: NGC 1068, TXS 0506+056, PKS 1424+240, and GB6 J1542+6129. This Letter presents two time-dependent neutrino emission searches on the same data sample and catalog: a point-source search that looks for the most significant time-dependent source of the catalog by combining space, energy, and time information of the events, and a population test based on binomial statistics that looks for a cumulative time-dependent neutrino excess from a subset of sources. Compared to previous time-dependent searches, these analyses enable a feature to possibly find multiple flares from a single direction with an unbinned maximum-likelihood method. M87 is found to be the most significant time-dependent source of this catalog at the level of 1.7 sigma post-trial, and TXS 0506+056 is the only source for which two flares are reconstructed. The binomial test reports a cumulative time-dependent neutrino excess in the Northern Hemisphere at the level of 3.0 sigma associated with four sources: M87, TXS 0506+056, GB6 J1542+6129, and NGC 1068.

Original language	English
Article number	45
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	920
Issue number	2
Number of pages	20
ISSN	2041-8205
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac2c7b
Publication status	Published - 20 Oct 2021

Keywords

BLAZAR TXS 0506+056
ASTROPHYSICAL SOURCES
COINCIDENT
JETS
MODEL
M87

Access to Document

10.3847/2041-8213/ac2c7b

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.05818.pdf

Cite this

Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Ahlers, M., Anderson, T., Binder, G., Bourbeau, E., Braun, J., Chen, C., Dittmer, M., Engel, R., Evans, J., Fischer, L., Garcia, A., Goldschmidt, A., Hoffmann, R., Jansson, M., Jones, B. J. P., Kang, D., ... Icecube Collaboration (2021). Search for Multi-flare Neutrino Emissions in 10 yr of IceCube Data from a Catalog of Sources. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 920(2), [45]. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac2c7b

Search for Multi-flare Neutrino Emissions in 10 yr of IceCube Data from a Catalog of Sources. / Abbasi, R.; Ackermann, M.; Adams, J.; Ahlers, M.; Anderson, T.; Binder, G.; Bourbeau, E.; Braun, J.; Chen, C.; Dittmer, M.; Engel, R.; Evans, J.; Fischer, L.; Garcia, A.; Goldschmidt, A.; Hoffmann, R.; Jansson, M.; Jones, B. J. P.; Kang, D.; Karl, M.; Klein, S. R.; Koskinen, D. J.; Kozynets, T.; Larson, M. J.; Lee, J. W.; Li, Y.; Liu, Q. R.; Lyu, Y.; Madsen, J.; Mead, J.; Meier, M.; Park, N.; Paul, L.; Peters, L.; Plum, M.; Rameez, M.; Rehman, A.; Reusch, S.; Sarkar, S.; Sarkar, S.; Schmidt, T.; Schneider, A.; Sharma, A.; Stuttard, T.; Weiss, M. J.; Wolf, M.; Xu, X. W.; Xu, Y.; Yu, S.; Zhang, Z.; Icecube Collaboration.

In: Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 920, No. 2, 45, 20.10.2021.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Letter › Research › peer-review

Abbasi, R, Ackermann, M, Adams, J, Ahlers, M, Anderson, T, Binder, G, Bourbeau, E, Braun, J, Chen, C, Dittmer, M, Engel, R, Evans, J, Fischer, L, Garcia, A, Goldschmidt, A, Hoffmann, R, Jansson, M, Jones, BJP, Kang, D, Karl, M, Klein, SR, Koskinen, DJ, Kozynets, T, Larson, MJ, Lee, JW, Li, Y, Liu, QR, Lyu, Y, Madsen, J, Mead, J, Meier, M, Park, N, Paul, L, Peters, L, Plum, M, Rameez, M, Rehman, A, Reusch, S, Sarkar, S, Sarkar, S, Schmidt, T, Schneider, A, Sharma, A, Stuttard, T, Weiss, MJ, Wolf, M, Xu, XW, Xu, Y, Yu, S, Zhang, Z & Icecube Collaboration 2021, 'Search for Multi-flare Neutrino Emissions in 10 yr of IceCube Data from a Catalog of Sources', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 920, no. 2, 45. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac2c7b

Abbasi, R. ; Ackermann, M. ; Adams, J. ; Ahlers, M. ; Anderson, T. ; Binder, G. ; Bourbeau, E. ; Braun, J. ; Chen, C. ; Dittmer, M. ; Engel, R. ; Evans, J. ; Fischer, L. ; Garcia, A. ; Goldschmidt, A. ; Hoffmann, R. ; Jansson, M. ; Jones, B. J. P. ; Kang, D. ; Karl, M. ; Klein, S. R. ; Koskinen, D. J. ; Kozynets, T. ; Larson, M. J. ; Lee, J. W. ; Li, Y. ; Liu, Q. R. ; Lyu, Y. ; Madsen, J. ; Mead, J. ; Meier, M. ; Park, N. ; Paul, L. ; Peters, L. ; Plum, M. ; Rameez, M. ; Rehman, A. ; Reusch, S. ; Sarkar, S. ; Sarkar, S. ; Schmidt, T. ; Schneider, A. ; Sharma, A. ; Stuttard, T. ; Weiss, M. J. ; Wolf, M. ; Xu, X. W. ; Xu, Y. ; Yu, S. ; Zhang, Z. ; Icecube Collaboration. / Search for Multi-flare Neutrino Emissions in 10 yr of IceCube Data from a Catalog of Sources. In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2021 ; Vol. 920, No. 2.

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title = "Search for Multi-flare Neutrino Emissions in 10 yr of IceCube Data from a Catalog of Sources",

abstract = "A recent time-integrated analysis of a catalog of 110 candidate neutrino sources revealed a cumulative neutrino excess in the data collected by IceCube between 2008 April 6 and 2018 July 10. This excess, inconsistent with the background hypothesis in the Northern Hemisphere at the 3.3 sigma level, is associated with four sources: NGC 1068, TXS 0506+056, PKS 1424+240, and GB6 J1542+6129. This Letter presents two time-dependent neutrino emission searches on the same data sample and catalog: a point-source search that looks for the most significant time-dependent source of the catalog by combining space, energy, and time information of the events, and a population test based on binomial statistics that looks for a cumulative time-dependent neutrino excess from a subset of sources. Compared to previous time-dependent searches, these analyses enable a feature to possibly find multiple flares from a single direction with an unbinned maximum-likelihood method. M87 is found to be the most significant time-dependent source of this catalog at the level of 1.7 sigma post-trial, and TXS 0506+056 is the only source for which two flares are reconstructed. The binomial test reports a cumulative time-dependent neutrino excess in the Northern Hemisphere at the level of 3.0 sigma associated with four sources: M87, TXS 0506+056, GB6 J1542+6129, and NGC 1068.",

keywords = "BLAZAR TXS 0506+056, ASTROPHYSICAL SOURCES, COINCIDENT, JETS, MODEL, M87",

author = "R. Abbasi and M. Ackermann and J. Adams and M. Ahlers and T. Anderson and G. Binder and E. Bourbeau and J. Braun and C. Chen and M. Dittmer and R. Engel and J. Evans and L. Fischer and A. Garcia and A. Goldschmidt and R. Hoffmann and M. Jansson and Jones, {B. J. P.} and D. Kang and M. Karl and Klein, {S. R.} and Koskinen, {D. J.} and T. Kozynets and Larson, {M. J.} and Lee, {J. W.} and Y. Li and Liu, {Q. R.} and Y. Lyu and J. Madsen and J. Mead and M. Meier and N. Park and L. Paul and L. Peters and M. Plum and M. Rameez and A. Rehman and S. Reusch and S. Sarkar and S. Sarkar and T. Schmidt and A. Schneider and A. Sharma and T. Stuttard and Weiss, {M. J.} and M. Wolf and Xu, {X. W.} and Y. Xu and S. Yu and Z. Zhang and {Icecube Collaboration}",

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AU - Abbasi, R.

AU - Ackermann, M.

AU - Adams, J.

AU - Ahlers, M.

AU - Anderson, T.

AU - Binder, G.

AU - Bourbeau, E.

AU - Braun, J.

AU - Chen, C.

AU - Dittmer, M.

AU - Engel, R.

AU - Evans, J.

AU - Fischer, L.

AU - Garcia, A.

AU - Goldschmidt, A.

AU - Hoffmann, R.

AU - Jansson, M.

AU - Jones, B. J. P.

AU - Kang, D.

AU - Karl, M.

AU - Klein, S. R.

AU - Koskinen, D. J.

AU - Kozynets, T.

AU - Larson, M. J.

AU - Lee, J. W.

AU - Li, Y.

AU - Liu, Q. R.

AU - Lyu, Y.

AU - Madsen, J.

AU - Mead, J.

AU - Meier, M.

AU - Park, N.

AU - Paul, L.

AU - Peters, L.

AU - Plum, M.

AU - Rameez, M.

AU - Rehman, A.

AU - Reusch, S.

AU - Sarkar, S.

AU - Schmidt, T.

AU - Schneider, A.

AU - Sharma, A.

AU - Stuttard, T.

AU - Weiss, M. J.

AU - Wolf, M.

AU - Xu, X. W.

AU - Xu, Y.

AU - Yu, S.

AU - Zhang, Z.

AU - Icecube Collaboration

PY - 2021/10/20

Y1 - 2021/10/20

N2 - A recent time-integrated analysis of a catalog of 110 candidate neutrino sources revealed a cumulative neutrino excess in the data collected by IceCube between 2008 April 6 and 2018 July 10. This excess, inconsistent with the background hypothesis in the Northern Hemisphere at the 3.3 sigma level, is associated with four sources: NGC 1068, TXS 0506+056, PKS 1424+240, and GB6 J1542+6129. This Letter presents two time-dependent neutrino emission searches on the same data sample and catalog: a point-source search that looks for the most significant time-dependent source of the catalog by combining space, energy, and time information of the events, and a population test based on binomial statistics that looks for a cumulative time-dependent neutrino excess from a subset of sources. Compared to previous time-dependent searches, these analyses enable a feature to possibly find multiple flares from a single direction with an unbinned maximum-likelihood method. M87 is found to be the most significant time-dependent source of this catalog at the level of 1.7 sigma post-trial, and TXS 0506+056 is the only source for which two flares are reconstructed. The binomial test reports a cumulative time-dependent neutrino excess in the Northern Hemisphere at the level of 3.0 sigma associated with four sources: M87, TXS 0506+056, GB6 J1542+6129, and NGC 1068.

AB - A recent time-integrated analysis of a catalog of 110 candidate neutrino sources revealed a cumulative neutrino excess in the data collected by IceCube between 2008 April 6 and 2018 July 10. This excess, inconsistent with the background hypothesis in the Northern Hemisphere at the 3.3 sigma level, is associated with four sources: NGC 1068, TXS 0506+056, PKS 1424+240, and GB6 J1542+6129. This Letter presents two time-dependent neutrino emission searches on the same data sample and catalog: a point-source search that looks for the most significant time-dependent source of the catalog by combining space, energy, and time information of the events, and a population test based on binomial statistics that looks for a cumulative time-dependent neutrino excess from a subset of sources. Compared to previous time-dependent searches, these analyses enable a feature to possibly find multiple flares from a single direction with an unbinned maximum-likelihood method. M87 is found to be the most significant time-dependent source of this catalog at the level of 1.7 sigma post-trial, and TXS 0506+056 is the only source for which two flares are reconstructed. The binomial test reports a cumulative time-dependent neutrino excess in the Northern Hemisphere at the level of 3.0 sigma associated with four sources: M87, TXS 0506+056, GB6 J1542+6129, and NGC 1068.

KW - BLAZAR TXS 0506+056

KW - ASTROPHYSICAL SOURCES

KW - COINCIDENT

KW - JETS

KW - MODEL

KW - M87

U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/ac2c7b

DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/ac2c7b

M3 - Letter

VL - 920

JO - The Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - The Astrophysical Journal Letters

SN - 2041-8205

IS - 2

M1 - 45

ER -