Self-rated health in individuals with and without disease is associated with multiple biomarkers representing multiple biological domains

L. Kananen; L. Enroth; J. Raitanen; J. Jylhava; A. Buerkle; M. Moreno-Villanueva; J. Bernhardt; O. Toussaint; B. Grubeck-Loebenstein; M. Malavolta; A. Basso; F. Piacenza; S. Collino; E. S. Gonos; E. Sikora; D. Gradinaru; E. H. J. M. Jansen; M. E. T. Dolle; M. Salmon; W. Stuetz; D. Weber; T. Grune; N. Breusing; A. Simm; M. Capri; C. Franceschi; P. E. Slagboom; D. C. S. Talbot; C. Libert; S. Koskinen; H. Bruunsgaard; ÅM Hansen; R. Lund; M. Hurme; M. Jylha

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85668-7

Self-rated health in individuals with and without disease is associated with multiple biomarkers representing multiple biological domains

L. Kananen
, L. Enroth
, J. Raitanen
, J. Jylhava
, A. Buerkle
, M. Moreno-Villanueva
, J. Bernhardt
, O. Toussaint
, B. Grubeck-Loebenstein
, M. Malavolta
, A. Basso
, F. Piacenza
, S. Collino
, E. S. Gonos
, E. Sikora
, D. Gradinaru
, E. H. J. M. Jansen
, M. E. T. Dolle
, M. Salmon
, W. Stuetz

D. Weber, T. Grune, N. Breusing, A. Simm, M. Capri, C. Franceschi, P. E. Slagboom, D. C. S. Talbot, C. Libert, S. Koskinen, H. Bruunsgaard, ÅM Hansen, R. Lund, M. Hurme, M. Jylha^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

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Abstract

Self-rated health (SRH) is one of the most frequently used indicators in health and social research. Its robust association with mortality in very different populations implies that it is a comprehensive measure of health status and may even reflect the condition of the human organism beyond clinical diagnoses. Yet the biological basis of SRH is poorly understood. We used data from three independent European population samples (N approx. 15,000) to investigate the associations of SRH with 150 biomolecules in blood or urine (biomarkers). Altogether 57 biomarkers representing different organ systems were associated with SRH. In almost half of the cases the association was independent of disease and physical functioning. Biomarkers weakened but did not remove the association between SRH and mortality. We propose three potential pathways through which biomarkers may be incorporated into an individual's subjective health assessment, including (1) their role in clinical diseases; (2) their association with health-related lifestyles; and (3) their potential to stimulate physical sensations through interoceptive mechanisms. Our findings indicate that SRH has a solid biological basis and it is a valid but non-specific indicator of the biological condition of the human organism.

Original language	English
Article number	6139
Journal	Scientific Reports
Volume	11
Issue number	1
Number of pages	14
ISSN	2045-2322
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85668-7
Publication status	Published - 2021

Funding

The authors extend their thanks to all participants from the different study centres in MARK-AGE, CAMB and Health 2000. They also acknowledge the financial support provided by the European Commission through the FP7 large-scale integrating project "European Study to Establish Biomarkers of Human Ageing" (MARK-AGE; grant agreement No.: 200880). The Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank was funded by generous grants from the VELUX FOUNDATION (VELUX 26145 and 31539), and this manuscript was prepared in collaboration with members of the CAMB steering committee. The members of the CAMB steering committee and those responsible for the collection of historical data are listed at http://www.camb.ku.dk/.Drude Molbo from the University of Copenhagen is thanked for data delivery services. Furthermore, thanks are extended to all the working groups involved in the Health 2000 data survey, particularly to Jorma Sundvall, Britt-Marie Loo, Tuija Jaaskelainen and Harri Rissanen for data delivery services. The persons responsible in the Health 2000 survey project groups are listed at https://thl.fi/fi/tutkimus-ja-kehittaminen/tutkimukset-ja-hankkeet/terveys-2000-2011.The Health 2000 Survey was funded by the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), the Finnish Centre for Pensions (ETK), the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (KELA), the Local Government Pensions Institution (KEVA) and other organizations listed on the survey website. This analysis was supported by the Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation, Academy of Finland funding for the Centre of Excellence in Research on Ageing and Care (CoEAgeCare), and Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of Tampere University Hospital and to the City of Tampere to MJ.

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Kananen, L., Enroth, L., Raitanen, J., Jylhava, J., Buerkle, A., Moreno-Villanueva, M., Bernhardt, J., Toussaint, O., Grubeck-Loebenstein, B., Malavolta, M., Basso, A., Piacenza, F., Collino, S., Gonos, E. S., Sikora, E., Gradinaru, D., Jansen, E. H. J. M., Dolle, M. E. T., Salmon, M., ... Jylha, M. (2021). Self-rated health in individuals with and without disease is associated with multiple biomarkers representing multiple biological domains. Scientific Reports, 11(1), Article 6139. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85668-7

Kananen, L, Enroth, L, Raitanen, J, Jylhava, J, Buerkle, A, Moreno-Villanueva, M, Bernhardt, J, Toussaint, O, Grubeck-Loebenstein, B, Malavolta, M, Basso, A, Piacenza, F, Collino, S, Gonos, ES, Sikora, E, Gradinaru, D, Jansen, EHJM, Dolle, MET, Salmon, M, Stuetz, W, Weber, D, Grune, T, Breusing, N, Simm, A, Capri, M, Franceschi, C, Slagboom, PE, Talbot, DCS, Libert, C, Koskinen, S, Bruunsgaard, H, Hansen, ÅM, Lund, R, Hurme, M & Jylha, M 2021, 'Self-rated health in individuals with and without disease is associated with multiple biomarkers representing multiple biological domains', Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 1, 6139. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85668-7

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abstract = "Self-rated health (SRH) is one of the most frequently used indicators in health and social research. Its robust association with mortality in very different populations implies that it is a comprehensive measure of health status and may even reflect the condition of the human organism beyond clinical diagnoses. Yet the biological basis of SRH is poorly understood. We used data from three independent European population samples (N approx. 15,000) to investigate the associations of SRH with 150 biomolecules in blood or urine (biomarkers). Altogether 57 biomarkers representing different organ systems were associated with SRH. In almost half of the cases the association was independent of disease and physical functioning. Biomarkers weakened but did not remove the association between SRH and mortality. We propose three potential pathways through which biomarkers may be incorporated into an individual's subjective health assessment, including (1) their role in clinical diseases; (2) their association with health-related lifestyles; and (3) their potential to stimulate physical sensations through interoceptive mechanisms. Our findings indicate that SRH has a solid biological basis and it is a valid but non-specific indicator of the biological condition of the human organism.",

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AU - Kananen, L.

AU - Enroth, L.

AU - Raitanen, J.

AU - Jylhava, J.

AU - Buerkle, A.

AU - Moreno-Villanueva, M.

AU - Bernhardt, J.

AU - Toussaint, O.

AU - Grubeck-Loebenstein, B.

AU - Malavolta, M.

AU - Basso, A.

AU - Piacenza, F.

AU - Collino, S.

AU - Gonos, E. S.

AU - Sikora, E.

AU - Gradinaru, D.

AU - Jansen, E. H. J. M.

AU - Dolle, M. E. T.

AU - Salmon, M.

AU - Stuetz, W.

AU - Weber, D.

AU - Grune, T.

AU - Breusing, N.

AU - Simm, A.

AU - Capri, M.

AU - Franceschi, C.

AU - Slagboom, P. E.

AU - Talbot, D. C. S.

AU - Libert, C.

AU - Koskinen, S.

AU - Bruunsgaard, H.

AU - Hansen, ÅM

AU - Lund, R.

AU - Hurme, M.

AU - Jylha, M.

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - Self-rated health (SRH) is one of the most frequently used indicators in health and social research. Its robust association with mortality in very different populations implies that it is a comprehensive measure of health status and may even reflect the condition of the human organism beyond clinical diagnoses. Yet the biological basis of SRH is poorly understood. We used data from three independent European population samples (N approx. 15,000) to investigate the associations of SRH with 150 biomolecules in blood or urine (biomarkers). Altogether 57 biomarkers representing different organ systems were associated with SRH. In almost half of the cases the association was independent of disease and physical functioning. Biomarkers weakened but did not remove the association between SRH and mortality. We propose three potential pathways through which biomarkers may be incorporated into an individual's subjective health assessment, including (1) their role in clinical diseases; (2) their association with health-related lifestyles; and (3) their potential to stimulate physical sensations through interoceptive mechanisms. Our findings indicate that SRH has a solid biological basis and it is a valid but non-specific indicator of the biological condition of the human organism.

AB - Self-rated health (SRH) is one of the most frequently used indicators in health and social research. Its robust association with mortality in very different populations implies that it is a comprehensive measure of health status and may even reflect the condition of the human organism beyond clinical diagnoses. Yet the biological basis of SRH is poorly understood. We used data from three independent European population samples (N approx. 15,000) to investigate the associations of SRH with 150 biomolecules in blood or urine (biomarkers). Altogether 57 biomarkers representing different organ systems were associated with SRH. In almost half of the cases the association was independent of disease and physical functioning. Biomarkers weakened but did not remove the association between SRH and mortality. We propose three potential pathways through which biomarkers may be incorporated into an individual's subjective health assessment, including (1) their role in clinical diseases; (2) their association with health-related lifestyles; and (3) their potential to stimulate physical sensations through interoceptive mechanisms. Our findings indicate that SRH has a solid biological basis and it is a valid but non-specific indicator of the biological condition of the human organism.

U2 - 10.1038/s41598-021-85668-7

DO - 10.1038/s41598-021-85668-7

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