Abstract
The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover has explored over 400 m of vertical stratigraphy within Gale crater to date. These fluvio-deltaic, lacustrine, and aeolian strata have been well-documented by Curiosity's in situ and remote science instruments, including the Mast Camera (Mastcam) pair of multispectral imagers. Mastcam visible to near-infrared spectra can broadly distinguish between iron phases and oxidation states, and in combination with chemical data from other instruments, Mastcam spectra can help constrain mineralogy, depositional origin, and diagenesis. However, no traverse-scale analysis of Mastcam multispectral data has yet been performed. We compiled a database of Mastcam spectra from >600 multispectral observations and quantified spectral variations across Curiosity's traverse through Vera Rubin ridge (sols 0-2302). From principal component analysis and an examination of spectral parameters, we identified nine rock spectral classes and five soil spectral classes. Rock classes are dominated by spectral differences attributed to hematite and other oxides (due to variations in grain size, composition, and abundance) and are mostly confined to specific stratigraphic members. Soil classes fall along a mixing line between soil spectra dominated by fine-grained Fe-oxides and those dominated by olivine-bearing sands. By comparing trends in soil versus rock spectra, we find that locally derived sediments are not significantly contributing to the spectra of soils. Rather, varying contributions of dark, mafic sands from the active Bagnold Dune field is the primary spectral characteristic of soils. These spectral classes and their trends with stratigraphy provide a basis for comparison in Curiosity's ongoing exploration of Gale crater.
Original language | English |
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Article number | e2021JE007134 |
Journal | Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets |
Volume | 127 |
Issue number | 8 |
Number of pages | 44 |
ISSN | 0148-0227 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2 Aug 2022 |
Keywords
- multispectral imaging
- reflectance spectroscopy
- Mars exploration
- Mars geology
- image processing
- VNIR MULTISPECTRAL OBSERVATIONS
- REFLECTANCE SPECTRA
- BAGNOLD DUNES
- EXPLORATION ROVERS
- ENDEAVOR CRATER
- SCIENCE
- DUST
- SPECTROSCOPY
- MINERALOGY
- IDENTIFICATION