Studies of relationships between variation of the human G protein-coupled receptor 40 Gene and Type 2 diabetes and insulin release

Y H Hamid, H Vissing, B Holst, S A Urhammer, C Pyke, S K Hansen, C Glümer, K Borch-Johnsen, T Jørgensen, T W Schwartz, O Pedersen, T Hansen

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Abstract

AIMS: Recently, a novel human G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), which is predominantly expressed in pancreatic islets, was shown to mediate an amplifying effect of long-chain fatty acids on glucose-induced insulin secretion. The present aim was to examine the coding region of GPR40 for variation and to assess whether identified variants confer an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes or altered insulin release. METHODS: Mutation analysis was performed in 43 patients with Type 2 diabetes, 18 normal glucose-tolerant subjects, and 3 maturity-onset of diabetes in the young (MODY) X patients using direct sequencing. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-generated primer extension products analysis by high throughput chip-based mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). The potential impact of GPR40 mutations on [(3)H]-myo-inositol turnover was estimated in COS-7 cells after stimulation with various concentrations of 5,8,11-eicosatriynoic acid. RESULTS: Two nucleotide substitutions, an Arg211His polymorphism and a rare Asp175Asn mutation, were identified. Both variants showed EC(50) values similar to the wild type. However, the maximal efficacy of the rare Asp175Asn was 39% lower compared with the wild type (P = 0.01). The Arg211His polymorphism had a similar allele frequency among 1384 Type 2 diabetic patients [MAF%; 23.4 (95% CI: 21.8-25.0)] and 4424 middle-aged glucose-tolerant subjects [24.1% (23.2-25.0)]. A genotype-quantitative trait study of 5597 non-diabetic, middle-aged subjects from the Inter99 cohort showed no significant differences in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-derived estimates of insulin release between carriers of various GPR40 genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Variations in the coding region of GPR40 do not appear to be associated with Type 2 diabetes or insulin release alterations.
Original languageEnglish
JournalDiabetic Medicine
Volume22
Issue number1
Pages (from-to)74-80
Number of pages6
ISSN0742-3071
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2005

Bibliographical note

Keywords: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin; Middle Aged; Mutation; Pedigree; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled

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