Tenascin-C in patients with central nervous system infections

Background: The extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C has been discovered to be an important regulator of the response to tissue injury and repair in cerebrovascular diseases. This study investigated if tenascin-C is released in response to infections in the central nervous system (CNS). Methods: Tenascin-C concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured in patients, (>18 years) with and without CNS infections, admitted to a department of infectious diseases in Denmark. CSF tenascin-C was measured on the Meso-scale platform. Results: 174 patients were included of which 140 were diagnosed with a CNS infection and 34 where this was ruled out (control group). Median CSF tenascin-C levels were significantly higher among patients with bacterial meningitis (147 pg/mL), viral meningitis (33 mg/mL), viral encephalitis (39 pg/mL) and Lyme neuroborreliosis (45 pg/mL) when compared to controls (21 pg/mL). Correlations between tenascin-C and CSF markers of inflammation and age were only moderate. Conclusion: Levels of CSF tenascin-C are higher among patients with bacterial and viral neuroinfections, already on admission, but exhibit only a modest correlation with baseline indices of neuroinflammation. CSF tenascin-C is highest among patients with bacterial meningitis compared to the other CNS infections. Patients with unfavorable outcomes presented with higher median CSF tenascin-C than their counterparts.