Testing for Intrinsic Type Ia Supernova Luminosity Evolution at z > 2 with JWST

J. D. R. Pierel; D. A. Coulter; M. R. Siebert; H. B. Akins; M. Engesser; O. D. Fox; M. Franco; A. Rest; A. Agrawal; Y. Ajay; N. Allen; C. M. Casey; C. Decoursey; N. E. Drakos; E. Egami; A. L. Faisst; S. Gezari; G. Gozaliasl; O. Ilbert; D. O. Jones; M. Karmen; J. S. Kartaltepe; A. M. Koekemoer; Z. G. Lane; R. L. Larson; T. Li; D. Liu; T. J. Moriya; H. J. Mccracken; L. Paquereau; R. M. Quimby; R. M. Rich; J. Rhodes; B. E. Robertson; D. B. Sanders; M. Shahbandeh; M. Shuntov; J. D. Silverman; L. G. Strolger; S. Toft; Y. Zenati

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adb1d9

Testing for Intrinsic Type Ia Supernova Luminosity Evolution at z > 2 with JWST

J. D. R. Pierel^*, D. A. Coulter, M. R. Siebert, H. B. Akins, M. Engesser, O. D. Fox, M. Franco, A. Rest, A. Agrawal, Y. Ajay, N. Allen, C. M. Casey, C. Decoursey, N. E. Drakos, E. Egami, A. L. Faisst, S. Gezari, G. Gozaliasl, O. Ilbert, D. O. JonesM. Karmen, J. S. Kartaltepe, A. M. Koekemoer, Z. G. Lane, R. L. Larson, T. Li, D. Liu, T. J. Moriya, H. J. Mccracken, L. Paquereau, R. M. Quimby, R. M. Rich, J. Rhodes, B. E. Robertson, D. B. Sanders, M. Shahbandeh, M. Shuntov, J. D. Silverman, L. G. Strolger, S. Toft, Y. Zenati

^*Corresponding author for this work

The Cosmic Dawn Center

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

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Abstract

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is opening new frontiers of transient discovery and follow-up at high redshift. Here we present the discovery of a spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernova (SN Ia; SN 2023aeax) at z = 2.15 with JWST, including a NIRCam multiband light curve. SN 2023aeax lands at the edge of traditional low-z cosmology cuts because of its blue color (peak rest-frame B - V similar to -0.3) but with a normal decline rate (Delta m(15)(B) similar to 1.25), and applying a fiducial standardization with the BayeSN model we find the SN 2023aeax luminosity distance is in similar to 0.1 sigma agreement with Lambda CDM. SN 2023aeax is only the second spectroscopically confirmed SN Ia in the dark matter-dominated Universe at z > 2 (the other is SN 2023adsy), giving it rare leverage to constrain any potential evolution in SN Ia standardized luminosities. Similar to SN 2023adsy (B - V similar to 0.8), SN 2023aeax has a fairly extreme (but opposite) color, which may be due to the small sample size or a secondary factor, such as host galaxy properties. Nevertheless, the SN 2023aeax spectrum is well represented by normal low-z SN Ia spectra, and we find no definitive evolution in SN Ia standardization with redshift. Still, the first two spectroscopically confirmed z > 2 SNe Ia have peculiar colors and combine for a similar to 1 sigma distance slope relative to Lambda CDM, though in agreement with recent SN Ia cosmological measurements.

Original language	English
Article number	L9
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	981
Issue number	1
Number of pages	10
ISSN	2041-8205
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adb1d9
Publication status	Published - 1 Mar 2025

Keywords

Hubble-space-telescope
Helium shell detonations
Rich gap transients
Cosmological constraints
Sn h0pe
White-dwarfs
Sdss-ii
Dependence
Discovery
Candels

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Pierel, J. D. R., Coulter, D. A., Siebert, M. R., Akins, H. B., Engesser, M., Fox, O. D., Franco, M., Rest, A., Agrawal, A., Ajay, Y., Allen, N., Casey, C. M., Decoursey, C., Drakos, N. E., Egami, E., Faisst, A. L., Gezari, S., Gozaliasl, G., Ilbert, O., ... Zenati, Y. (2025). Testing for Intrinsic Type Ia Supernova Luminosity Evolution at z > 2 with JWST. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 981(1), Article L9. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adb1d9

Pierel, JDR, Coulter, DA, Siebert, MR, Akins, HB, Engesser, M, Fox, OD, Franco, M, Rest, A, Agrawal, A, Ajay, Y, Allen, N, Casey, CM, Decoursey, C, Drakos, NE, Egami, E, Faisst, AL, Gezari, S, Gozaliasl, G, Ilbert, O, Jones, DO, Karmen, M, Kartaltepe, JS, Koekemoer, AM, Lane, ZG, Larson, RL, Li, T, Liu, D, Moriya, TJ, Mccracken, HJ, Paquereau, L, Quimby, RM, Rich, RM, Rhodes, J, Robertson, BE, Sanders, DB, Shahbandeh, M, Shuntov, M, Silverman, JD, Strolger, LG, Toft, S & Zenati, Y 2025, 'Testing for Intrinsic Type Ia Supernova Luminosity Evolution at z > 2 with JWST', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 981, no. 1, L9. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adb1d9

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title = "Testing for Intrinsic Type Ia Supernova Luminosity Evolution at z > 2 with JWST",

abstract = "The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is opening new frontiers of transient discovery and follow-up at high redshift. Here we present the discovery of a spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernova (SN Ia; SN 2023aeax) at z = 2.15 with JWST, including a NIRCam multiband light curve. SN 2023aeax lands at the edge of traditional low-z cosmology cuts because of its blue color (peak rest-frame B - V similar to -0.3) but with a normal decline rate (Delta m(15)(B) similar to 1.25), and applying a fiducial standardization with the BayeSN model we find the SN 2023aeax luminosity distance is in similar to 0.1 sigma agreement with Lambda CDM. SN 2023aeax is only the second spectroscopically confirmed SN Ia in the dark matter-dominated Universe at z > 2 (the other is SN 2023adsy), giving it rare leverage to constrain any potential evolution in SN Ia standardized luminosities. Similar to SN 2023adsy (B - V similar to 0.8), SN 2023aeax has a fairly extreme (but opposite) color, which may be due to the small sample size or a secondary factor, such as host galaxy properties. Nevertheless, the SN 2023aeax spectrum is well represented by normal low-z SN Ia spectra, and we find no definitive evolution in SN Ia standardization with redshift. Still, the first two spectroscopically confirmed z > 2 SNe Ia have peculiar colors and combine for a similar to 1 sigma distance slope relative to Lambda CDM, though in agreement with recent SN Ia cosmological measurements.",

keywords = "Hubble-space-telescope, Helium shell detonations, Rich gap transients, Cosmological constraints, Sn h0pe, White-dwarfs, Sdss-ii, Dependence, Discovery, Candels",

author = "Pierel, {J. D. R.} and Coulter, {D. A.} and Siebert, {M. R.} and Akins, {H. B.} and M. Engesser and Fox, {O. D.} and M. Franco and A. Rest and A. Agrawal and Y. Ajay and N. Allen and Casey, {C. M.} and C. Decoursey and Drakos, {N. E.} and E. Egami and Faisst, {A. L.} and S. Gezari and G. Gozaliasl and O. Ilbert and Jones, {D. O.} and M. Karmen and Kartaltepe, {J. S.} and Koekemoer, {A. M.} and Lane, {Z. G.} and Larson, {R. L.} and T. Li and D. Liu and Moriya, {T. J.} and Mccracken, {H. J.} and L. Paquereau and Quimby, {R. M.} and Rich, {R. M.} and J. Rhodes and Robertson, {B. E.} and Sanders, {D. B.} and M. Shahbandeh and M. Shuntov and Silverman, {J. D.} and Strolger, {L. G.} and S. Toft and Y. Zenati",

year = "2025",

month = mar,

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doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/adb1d9",

language = "English",

volume = "981",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal Letters",

issn = "2041-8205",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Testing for Intrinsic Type Ia Supernova Luminosity Evolution at z > 2 with JWST

AU - Pierel, J. D. R.

AU - Coulter, D. A.

AU - Siebert, M. R.

AU - Akins, H. B.

AU - Engesser, M.

AU - Fox, O. D.

AU - Franco, M.

AU - Rest, A.

AU - Agrawal, A.

AU - Ajay, Y.

AU - Allen, N.

AU - Casey, C. M.

AU - Decoursey, C.

AU - Drakos, N. E.

AU - Egami, E.

AU - Faisst, A. L.

AU - Gezari, S.

AU - Gozaliasl, G.

AU - Ilbert, O.

AU - Jones, D. O.

AU - Karmen, M.

AU - Kartaltepe, J. S.

AU - Koekemoer, A. M.

AU - Lane, Z. G.

AU - Larson, R. L.

AU - Li, T.

AU - Liu, D.

AU - Moriya, T. J.

AU - Mccracken, H. J.

AU - Paquereau, L.

AU - Quimby, R. M.

AU - Rich, R. M.

AU - Rhodes, J.

AU - Robertson, B. E.

AU - Sanders, D. B.

AU - Shahbandeh, M.

AU - Shuntov, M.

AU - Silverman, J. D.

AU - Strolger, L. G.

AU - Toft, S.

AU - Zenati, Y.

PY - 2025/3/1

Y1 - 2025/3/1

N2 - The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is opening new frontiers of transient discovery and follow-up at high redshift. Here we present the discovery of a spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernova (SN Ia; SN 2023aeax) at z = 2.15 with JWST, including a NIRCam multiband light curve. SN 2023aeax lands at the edge of traditional low-z cosmology cuts because of its blue color (peak rest-frame B - V similar to -0.3) but with a normal decline rate (Delta m(15)(B) similar to 1.25), and applying a fiducial standardization with the BayeSN model we find the SN 2023aeax luminosity distance is in similar to 0.1 sigma agreement with Lambda CDM. SN 2023aeax is only the second spectroscopically confirmed SN Ia in the dark matter-dominated Universe at z > 2 (the other is SN 2023adsy), giving it rare leverage to constrain any potential evolution in SN Ia standardized luminosities. Similar to SN 2023adsy (B - V similar to 0.8), SN 2023aeax has a fairly extreme (but opposite) color, which may be due to the small sample size or a secondary factor, such as host galaxy properties. Nevertheless, the SN 2023aeax spectrum is well represented by normal low-z SN Ia spectra, and we find no definitive evolution in SN Ia standardization with redshift. Still, the first two spectroscopically confirmed z > 2 SNe Ia have peculiar colors and combine for a similar to 1 sigma distance slope relative to Lambda CDM, though in agreement with recent SN Ia cosmological measurements.

AB - The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is opening new frontiers of transient discovery and follow-up at high redshift. Here we present the discovery of a spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernova (SN Ia; SN 2023aeax) at z = 2.15 with JWST, including a NIRCam multiband light curve. SN 2023aeax lands at the edge of traditional low-z cosmology cuts because of its blue color (peak rest-frame B - V similar to -0.3) but with a normal decline rate (Delta m(15)(B) similar to 1.25), and applying a fiducial standardization with the BayeSN model we find the SN 2023aeax luminosity distance is in similar to 0.1 sigma agreement with Lambda CDM. SN 2023aeax is only the second spectroscopically confirmed SN Ia in the dark matter-dominated Universe at z > 2 (the other is SN 2023adsy), giving it rare leverage to constrain any potential evolution in SN Ia standardized luminosities. Similar to SN 2023adsy (B - V similar to 0.8), SN 2023aeax has a fairly extreme (but opposite) color, which may be due to the small sample size or a secondary factor, such as host galaxy properties. Nevertheless, the SN 2023aeax spectrum is well represented by normal low-z SN Ia spectra, and we find no definitive evolution in SN Ia standardization with redshift. Still, the first two spectroscopically confirmed z > 2 SNe Ia have peculiar colors and combine for a similar to 1 sigma distance slope relative to Lambda CDM, though in agreement with recent SN Ia cosmological measurements.

KW - Hubble-space-telescope

KW - Helium shell detonations

KW - Rich gap transients

KW - Cosmological constraints

KW - Sn h0pe

KW - White-dwarfs

KW - Sdss-ii

KW - Dependence

KW - Discovery

KW - Candels

U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/adb1d9

DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/adb1d9

M3 - Journal article

SN - 2041-8205

VL - 981

JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters

IS - 1

M1 - L9

ER -