The Australian dingo is an early offshoot of modern breed dogs

Matt A. Field; Sonu Yadav; Olga Dudchenko; Meera Esvaran; Benjamin D. Rosen; Ksenia Skvortsova; Richard J. Edwards; Jens Keilwagen; Blake J. Cochran; Bikash Manandhar; Sonia Bustamante; Jacob Agerbo Rasmussen; Richard G. Melvin; Barry Chernoff; Arina Omer; Zane Colaric; Eva K. F. Chan; Andre E. Minoche; Timothy P. L. Smith; M. Thomas P. Gilbert; Ozren Bogdanovic; Robert A. Zammit; Torsten Thomas; Erez L. Aiden; J. William O. Ballard

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abm5944

The Australian dingo is an early offshoot of modern breed dogs

Matt A. Field, Sonu Yadav, Olga Dudchenko, Meera Esvaran, Benjamin D. Rosen, Ksenia Skvortsova, Richard J. Edwards, Jens Keilwagen, Blake J. Cochran, Bikash Manandhar, Sonia Bustamante, Jacob Agerbo Rasmussen, Richard G. Melvin, Barry Chernoff, Arina Omer, Zane Colaric, Eva K. F. Chan, Andre E. Minoche, Timothy P. L. Smith, M. Thomas P. GilbertOzren Bogdanovic, Robert A. Zammit, Torsten Thomas, Erez L. Aiden, J. William O. Ballard^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

16 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

Dogs are uniquely associated with human dispersal and bring transformational insight into the domestication process. Dingoes represent an intriguing case within canine evolution being geographically isolated for thousands of years. Here, we present a high-quality de novo assembly of a pure dingo (CanFam_DDS). We identified large chromosomal differences relative to the current dog reference (CanFam3.1) and confirmed no expanded pancreatic amylase gene as found in breed dogs. Phylogenetic analyses using variant pairwise matrices show that the dingo is distinct from five breed dogs with 100% bootstrap support when using Greenland wolf as the outgroup. Functionally, we observe differences in methylation patterns between the dingo and German shepherd dog genomes and differences in serum biochemistry and microbiome makeup. Our results suggest that distinct demographic and environmental conditions have shaped the dingo genome. In contrast, artificial human selection has likely shaped the genomes of domestic breed dogs after divergence from the dingo.

Original language	English
Article number	eabm5944
Journal	Science Advances
Volume	8
Issue number	16
Number of pages	14
ISSN	2375-2548
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm5944
Publication status	Published - 2022

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Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors.

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Field, M. A., Yadav, S., Dudchenko, O., Esvaran, M., Rosen, B. D., Skvortsova, K., Edwards, R. J., Keilwagen, J., Cochran, B. J., Manandhar, B., Bustamante, S., Rasmussen, J. A., Melvin, R. G., Chernoff, B., Omer, A., Colaric, Z., Chan, E. K. F., Minoche, A. E., Smith, T. P. L., ... Ballard, J. W. O. (2022). The Australian dingo is an early offshoot of modern breed dogs. Science Advances, 8(16), [eabm5944]. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm5944

The Australian dingo is an early offshoot of modern breed dogs. / Field, Matt A.; Yadav, Sonu; Dudchenko, Olga; Esvaran, Meera; Rosen, Benjamin D.; Skvortsova, Ksenia; Edwards, Richard J.; Keilwagen, Jens; Cochran, Blake J.; Manandhar, Bikash; Bustamante, Sonia; Rasmussen, Jacob Agerbo; Melvin, Richard G.; Chernoff, Barry; Omer, Arina; Colaric, Zane; Chan, Eva K. F.; Minoche, Andre E.; Smith, Timothy P. L.; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Bogdanovic, Ozren; Zammit, Robert A.; Thomas, Torsten; Aiden, Erez L.; Ballard, J. William O.

In: Science Advances, Vol. 8, No. 16, eabm5944, 2022.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Field, MA, Yadav, S, Dudchenko, O, Esvaran, M, Rosen, BD, Skvortsova, K, Edwards, RJ, Keilwagen, J, Cochran, BJ, Manandhar, B, Bustamante, S, Rasmussen, JA, Melvin, RG, Chernoff, B, Omer, A, Colaric, Z, Chan, EKF, Minoche, AE, Smith, TPL, Gilbert, MTP, Bogdanovic, O, Zammit, RA, Thomas, T, Aiden, EL & Ballard, JWO 2022, 'The Australian dingo is an early offshoot of modern breed dogs', Science Advances, vol. 8, no. 16, eabm5944. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm5944

Field, Matt A. ; Yadav, Sonu ; Dudchenko, Olga ; Esvaran, Meera ; Rosen, Benjamin D. ; Skvortsova, Ksenia ; Edwards, Richard J. ; Keilwagen, Jens ; Cochran, Blake J. ; Manandhar, Bikash ; Bustamante, Sonia ; Rasmussen, Jacob Agerbo ; Melvin, Richard G. ; Chernoff, Barry ; Omer, Arina ; Colaric, Zane ; Chan, Eva K. F. ; Minoche, Andre E. ; Smith, Timothy P. L. ; Gilbert, M. Thomas P. ; Bogdanovic, Ozren ; Zammit, Robert A. ; Thomas, Torsten ; Aiden, Erez L. ; Ballard, J. William O. / The Australian dingo is an early offshoot of modern breed dogs. In: Science Advances. 2022 ; Vol. 8, No. 16.

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abstract = "Dogs are uniquely associated with human dispersal and bring transformational insight into the domestication process. Dingoes represent an intriguing case within canine evolution being geographically isolated for thousands of years. Here, we present a high-quality de novo assembly of a pure dingo (CanFam_DDS). We identified large chromosomal differences relative to the current dog reference (CanFam3.1) and confirmed no expanded pancreatic amylase gene as found in breed dogs. Phylogenetic analyses using variant pairwise matrices show that the dingo is distinct from five breed dogs with 100% bootstrap support when using Greenland wolf as the outgroup. Functionally, we observe differences in methylation patterns between the dingo and German shepherd dog genomes and differences in serum biochemistry and microbiome makeup. Our results suggest that distinct demographic and environmental conditions have shaped the dingo genome. In contrast, artificial human selection has likely shaped the genomes of domestic breed dogs after divergence from the dingo. ",

author = "Field, {Matt A.} and Sonu Yadav and Olga Dudchenko and Meera Esvaran and Rosen, {Benjamin D.} and Ksenia Skvortsova and Edwards, {Richard J.} and Jens Keilwagen and Cochran, {Blake J.} and Bikash Manandhar and Sonia Bustamante and Rasmussen, {Jacob Agerbo} and Melvin, {Richard G.} and Barry Chernoff and Arina Omer and Zane Colaric and Chan, {Eva K. F.} and Minoche, {Andre E.} and Smith, {Timothy P. L.} and Gilbert, {M. Thomas P.} and Ozren Bogdanovic and Zammit, {Robert A.} and Torsten Thomas and Aiden, {Erez L.} and Ballard, {J. William O.}",

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AU - Skvortsova, Ksenia

AU - Edwards, Richard J.

AU - Keilwagen, Jens

AU - Cochran, Blake J.

AU - Manandhar, Bikash

AU - Bustamante, Sonia

AU - Rasmussen, Jacob Agerbo

AU - Melvin, Richard G.

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AU - Omer, Arina

AU - Colaric, Zane

AU - Chan, Eva K. F.

AU - Minoche, Andre E.

AU - Smith, Timothy P. L.

AU - Gilbert, M. Thomas P.

AU - Bogdanovic, Ozren

AU - Zammit, Robert A.

AU - Thomas, Torsten

AU - Aiden, Erez L.

AU - Ballard, J. William O.

PY - 2022

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AB - Dogs are uniquely associated with human dispersal and bring transformational insight into the domestication process. Dingoes represent an intriguing case within canine evolution being geographically isolated for thousands of years. Here, we present a high-quality de novo assembly of a pure dingo (CanFam_DDS). We identified large chromosomal differences relative to the current dog reference (CanFam3.1) and confirmed no expanded pancreatic amylase gene as found in breed dogs. Phylogenetic analyses using variant pairwise matrices show that the dingo is distinct from five breed dogs with 100% bootstrap support when using Greenland wolf as the outgroup. Functionally, we observe differences in methylation patterns between the dingo and German shepherd dog genomes and differences in serum biochemistry and microbiome makeup. Our results suggest that distinct demographic and environmental conditions have shaped the dingo genome. In contrast, artificial human selection has likely shaped the genomes of domestic breed dogs after divergence from the dingo.

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