TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of traditional diet on glucose homeostasis in carriers and non-carriers of a common TBC1D4 variant in Greenlandic Inuit: A randomized crossover study
AU - Lewis, Jack Ivor
AU - Lind, Mads Vendelbo
AU - Møller, Grith
AU - Hansen, Torben
AU - Pedersen, Hanne
AU - Christensen, Marie M B
AU - Laursen, Jens C
AU - Nielsen, Sara
AU - Ottendahl, Charlotte B
AU - Larsen, Christina V L
AU - Stark, Ken D
AU - Bjerregaard, Peter
AU - Jørgensen, Marit E
AU - Lauritzen, Lotte
N1 - CURIS 2023 NEXS 131
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Consumption of traditional foods is decreasing amid a lifestyle transition in Greenland as incidence of type-2 diabetes (T2D) increases. In homozygous carriers of a TBC1D4 variant, conferring postprandial insulin resistance, the risk of developing T2D is markedly higher. We investigated the effects of traditional marine diets on glucose homeostasis and cardio-metabolic health in Greenlandic Inuit carriers and non-carriers of the variant. We conducted a randomized, crossover study consisting of two 4-week dietary interventions; Traditional (marine-based, low-carbohydrate) and Western (high in imported meats and carbohydrates). Oral glucose tolerance (OGTT, 2-h), 14-day continuous glucose and cardio-metabolic markers were assessed to investigate the effect of diet and genotype. Compared to the westernized diet, the Traditional diet reduced mean and maximum daily blood glucose by 0.17 mmol/L [95% CI;0.05, 0.29; P=0.006] and 0.26 mmol/L [95% CI;0.06, 0.46; P=0.010], respectively, with dose-dependency. Furthermore, it gave rise to a weight loss of 0.5 kg [95% CI; 0.09, 0.90; P=0.016] relative to the Western diet and 4% [95% CI;1, 9; P=0.018] lower LDL:HDL-cholesterol, which after adjustment for weight-loss appeared to be driven by HDL elevation (0.09 mmol/L [0.03, 0.15], P=0.006). A diet-gene interaction was indicated on insulin sensitivity in the OGTT (p=0.093), which seemed to reflect a non-significant increase of 1.4 [-0.6, 3.5] mmol/L in carrier 2-h glucose. A Traditional diet marginally improved daily glycaemic control and plasma lipid profile compared to a Western diet in Greenlandic Inuit. Possible adverse effects on glucose tolerance in carriers of the TBC1D4 variant warrants further studies of diet-gene interactions.
AB - Consumption of traditional foods is decreasing amid a lifestyle transition in Greenland as incidence of type-2 diabetes (T2D) increases. In homozygous carriers of a TBC1D4 variant, conferring postprandial insulin resistance, the risk of developing T2D is markedly higher. We investigated the effects of traditional marine diets on glucose homeostasis and cardio-metabolic health in Greenlandic Inuit carriers and non-carriers of the variant. We conducted a randomized, crossover study consisting of two 4-week dietary interventions; Traditional (marine-based, low-carbohydrate) and Western (high in imported meats and carbohydrates). Oral glucose tolerance (OGTT, 2-h), 14-day continuous glucose and cardio-metabolic markers were assessed to investigate the effect of diet and genotype. Compared to the westernized diet, the Traditional diet reduced mean and maximum daily blood glucose by 0.17 mmol/L [95% CI;0.05, 0.29; P=0.006] and 0.26 mmol/L [95% CI;0.06, 0.46; P=0.010], respectively, with dose-dependency. Furthermore, it gave rise to a weight loss of 0.5 kg [95% CI; 0.09, 0.90; P=0.016] relative to the Western diet and 4% [95% CI;1, 9; P=0.018] lower LDL:HDL-cholesterol, which after adjustment for weight-loss appeared to be driven by HDL elevation (0.09 mmol/L [0.03, 0.15], P=0.006). A diet-gene interaction was indicated on insulin sensitivity in the OGTT (p=0.093), which seemed to reflect a non-significant increase of 1.4 [-0.6, 3.5] mmol/L in carrier 2-h glucose. A Traditional diet marginally improved daily glycaemic control and plasma lipid profile compared to a Western diet in Greenlandic Inuit. Possible adverse effects on glucose tolerance in carriers of the TBC1D4 variant warrants further studies of diet-gene interactions.
KW - Faculty of Science
KW - Marine diet
KW - TBC1D4
KW - TBC1D4 genotype/p.Arg684er
KW - Insulin sensitivity
KW - Cardiometabolic markers
KW - N-3 LCPUFA
KW - Lifestyle transition
KW - Greenland
U2 - 10.1017/S000711452300106X
DO - 10.1017/S000711452300106X
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 37129117
VL - 130
SP - 1871
EP - 1884
JO - British Journal of Nutrition
JF - British Journal of Nutrition
SN - 0007-1145
IS - 11
ER -