Tryptophan-derived ultraviolet filter compounds covalently bound to lens proteins are photosensitizers of oxidative damage

Jasminka Mizdrak, Peter G Hains, Roger J W Truscott, Joanne F Jamie, Michael Jonathan Davies

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

77 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The human eye is chronically exposed to light of wavelengths >300 nm. In the young human lens, light of wavelength 300-400 nm is predominantly absorbed by the free Trp derivatives kynurenine (Kyn), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3OHKyn), and 3-hydroxykynurenine-O-beta-D-glucoside (3OHKynG). These ultraviolet (UV) filter compounds are poor photosensitizers. With age, the levels of the free UV filters in the lens decreases and those of protein-bound UV filters increases. The photochemical behavior of these protein-bound UV filters and their role in UV damage are poorly elucidated and are examined here. UVA illumination of protein-bound UV filters generated peroxides (principally H2O2) in a metabolite-, photolysis-time-, and wavelength-dependent manner. Unmodified proteins, free Trp metabolites, and Trp metabolites that do not bind to lens proteins gave low peroxide yields. Protein-bound 3OHKyn (principally at Cys residues) yielded more peroxide than comparable Kyn and 3OHKynG adducts. Studies using D2O and sodium azide implicated 1O2 as a key intermediate. Illumination of the protein-bound adducts also yielded protein-bound Tyr oxidation products (DOPA, di-tyrosine) and protein cross-links via alternative mechanisms. These data indicate that the covalent modification of lens proteins by Kyn derivatives yields photosensitizers that may enhance oxidation in older lenses and contribute to age-related nuclear cataract.

Original languageEnglish
JournalFree Radical Biology & Medicine
Volume44
Issue number6
Pages (from-to)1108-19
Number of pages12
ISSN0891-5849
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 15 Mar 2008
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Aging
  • Animals
  • Cattle
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Crystallins
  • Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
  • Hydrogen Peroxide
  • Lens, Crystalline
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Tryptophan
  • Ultraviolet Rays

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