Type 2 diabetes risk after gestational diabetes according to country/region of origin. A nationwide register-based study

Helene Nielsen, Anne Windolf-Nielsen, Stine H Scheuer, Peter Damm, Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen, Gregers Stig Andersen, Karoline Kragelund Nielsen

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Abstract

CONTEXT: The risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) differs between the Danish population and several migrant groups. However, it is unclear if the incidence and timing of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) following GDM vary similarly.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of T2DM according to migration background based on country/region of origin among women with a previous GDM diagnosis and explore the role of time since GDM diagnosis on the association.

METHOD: Using nationwide registry data, we followed women diagnosed with GDM in Denmark during 2004-2018 to Dec 31, 2020. Poisson regression models were used to estimate incidence rates (IRs) of T2DM according to country/region of origin, adjusted for age, education, and body mass index.

RESULTS: The study included 20,873 women with a GDM diagnosis, of whom 22.3% were of migrant background and 77.7% were Danish. The mean follow-up time was 7.3 years, and 10.9% were registered with T2DM during the study period. Generally, migrant women had higher IRs of T2DM compared to Danish women, with substantial variations in risk between migrant groups. Women from Pakistan and Sri Lanka had three-four times higher IRs compared to Danish women. The timing of T2DM onset also varied, with women from Sri Lanka and Pakistan having an earlier onset of T2DM compared to other migrant and Danish women.

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that country/region of origin is an important risk factor for T2DM in women with GDM. These findings underscore the importance of prevention programs targeting women with GDM and a high-risk origin.

Original languageEnglish
JournalThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
Volume109
Issue number12
Pages (from-to)e2196–e2204
Number of pages9
ISSN0021-972X
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2024

Bibliographical note

© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society.

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