TY - JOUR
T1 - Urban environment in pregnancy and postpartum depression
T2 - An individual participant data meta-analysis of 12 European birth cohorts
AU - Cadman, Tim
AU - Strandberg-Larsen, Katrine
AU - Calas, Lucinda
AU - Christiansen, Malina
AU - Culpin, Iryna
AU - Dadvand, Payam
AU - de Castro, Montserrat
AU - Foraster, Maria
AU - Fossati, Serena
AU - Guxens, Mònica
AU - Harris, Jennifer R.
AU - Hillegers, Manon
AU - Jaddoe, Vincent
AU - Lee, Yunsung
AU - Lepeule, Johanna
AU - el Marroun, Hanan
AU - Maule, Milena
AU - McEachen, Rosie
AU - Moccia, Chiara
AU - Nader, Johanna
AU - Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark
AU - Nybo Andersen, Anne Marie
AU - Pearson, Rebecca
AU - Swertz, Morris
AU - Vafeiadi, Marina
AU - Vrijheid, Martine
AU - Wright, John
AU - Lawlor, Deborah A.
AU - Pedersen, Marie
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Author(s)
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Background: Urban environmental exposures associate with adult depression, but it is unclear whether they are associated to postpartum depression (PPD). Objectives: We investigated associations between urban environment exposures during pregnancy and PPD. Methods: We included women with singleton deliveries to liveborn children from 12 European birth cohorts (N with minimum one exposure = 30,772, analysis N range 17,686–30,716 depending on exposure; representing 26–46 % of the 66,825 eligible women). We estimated maternal exposure during pregnancy to ambient air pollution with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), road traffic noise (Lden), natural spaces (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index; NDVI, proximity to major green or blue spaces) and built environment (population density, facility richness and walkability). Maternal PPD was assessed 3–18 months after birth using self-completed questionnaires. We used adjusted logistic regression models to estimate cohort-specific associations between each exposure and PPD and combined results via meta-analysis using DataSHIELD. Results: Of the 30,772 women included, 3,078 (10 %) reported having PPD. Exposure to PM10 was associated with slightly increased odds of PPD (adjusted odd ratios (OR) of 1.08 [95 % Confidence Intervals (CI): 0.99, 1.17] per inter quartile range increment of PM10) whilst associations for exposure to NO2 and PM2.5 were close to null. Exposure to high levels of road traffic noise (≥65 dB vs. < 65 dB) was associated with an OR of 1.12 [CI: 0.95, 1.32]. Associations between green spaces and PPD were close to null; whilst proximity to major blue spaces was associated with increased risk of PPD (OR 1.12, 95 %CI: 1.00, 1.26). All associations between built environment and PPD were close to null. Multiple exposure models showed similar results. Discussion: The study findings suggest that exposure to PM10, road traffic noise and blue spaces in pregnancy may increase PPD risk, however future studies should explore this causally.
AB - Background: Urban environmental exposures associate with adult depression, but it is unclear whether they are associated to postpartum depression (PPD). Objectives: We investigated associations between urban environment exposures during pregnancy and PPD. Methods: We included women with singleton deliveries to liveborn children from 12 European birth cohorts (N with minimum one exposure = 30,772, analysis N range 17,686–30,716 depending on exposure; representing 26–46 % of the 66,825 eligible women). We estimated maternal exposure during pregnancy to ambient air pollution with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), road traffic noise (Lden), natural spaces (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index; NDVI, proximity to major green or blue spaces) and built environment (population density, facility richness and walkability). Maternal PPD was assessed 3–18 months after birth using self-completed questionnaires. We used adjusted logistic regression models to estimate cohort-specific associations between each exposure and PPD and combined results via meta-analysis using DataSHIELD. Results: Of the 30,772 women included, 3,078 (10 %) reported having PPD. Exposure to PM10 was associated with slightly increased odds of PPD (adjusted odd ratios (OR) of 1.08 [95 % Confidence Intervals (CI): 0.99, 1.17] per inter quartile range increment of PM10) whilst associations for exposure to NO2 and PM2.5 were close to null. Exposure to high levels of road traffic noise (≥65 dB vs. < 65 dB) was associated with an OR of 1.12 [CI: 0.95, 1.32]. Associations between green spaces and PPD were close to null; whilst proximity to major blue spaces was associated with increased risk of PPD (OR 1.12, 95 %CI: 1.00, 1.26). All associations between built environment and PPD were close to null. Multiple exposure models showed similar results. Discussion: The study findings suggest that exposure to PM10, road traffic noise and blue spaces in pregnancy may increase PPD risk, however future studies should explore this causally.
KW - Ambient air pollution
KW - Built environment
KW - Natural spaces
KW - Postpartum depression
KW - Traffic noise
KW - Urban
U2 - 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108453
DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108453
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 38368715
AN - SCOPUS:85185304316
VL - 185
JO - Environment international
JF - Environment international
SN - 0160-4120
M1 - 108453
ER -