Very-large-scale integrated quantum graph photonics

Jueming Bao; Zhaorong Fu; Tanumoy Pramanik; Jun Mao; Yulin Chi; Yingkang Cao; Chonghao Zhai; Yifei Mao; Tianxiang Dai; Xiaojiong Chen; Xinyu Jia; Leshi Zhao; Yun Zheng; Bo Tang; Zhihua Li; Jun Luo; Wenwu Wang; Yan Yang; Yingying Peng; Dajian Liu; Daoxin Dai; Qiongyi He; Alif Laila Muthali; Leif K. Oxenlowe; Caterina Vigliar; Stefano Paesani; Huili Hou; Raffaele Santagati; Joshua W. Silverstone; Anthony Laing; Mark G. Thompson; Jeremy L. O'Brien; Yunhong Ding; Qihuang Gong; Jianwei Wang

doi:10.1038/s41566-023-01187-z

Very-large-scale integrated quantum graph photonics

Jueming Bao, Zhaorong Fu, Tanumoy Pramanik, Jun Mao, Yulin Chi, Yingkang Cao, Chonghao Zhai, Yifei Mao, Tianxiang Dai, Xiaojiong Chen, Xinyu Jia, Leshi Zhao, Yun Zheng, Bo Tang, Zhihua Li, Jun Luo, Wenwu Wang, Yan Yang, Yingying Peng, Dajian LiuDaoxin Dai, Qiongyi He, Alif Laila Muthali, Leif K. Oxenlowe, Caterina Vigliar, Stefano Paesani, Huili Hou, Raffaele Santagati, Joshua W. Silverstone, Anthony Laing, Mark G. Thompson, Jeremy L. O'Brien, Yunhong Ding, Qihuang Gong, Jianwei Wang

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Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

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Abstract

Graphs have provided an expressive mathematical tool to model quantum-mechanical devices and systems. In particular, it has been recently discovered that graph theory can be used to describe and design quantum components, devices, setups and systems, based on the two-dimensional lattice of parametric nonlinear optical crystals and linear optical circuits, different to the standard quantum photonic framework. Realizing such graph-theoretical quantum photonic hardware, however, remains extremely challenging experimentally using conventional technologies. Here we demonstrate a graph-theoretical programmable quantum photonic device in very-large-scale integrated nanophotonic circuits. The device monolithically integrates about 2,500 components, constructing a synthetic lattice of nonlinear photon-pair waveguide sources and linear optical waveguide circuits, and it is fabricated on an eight-inch silicon-on-insulator wafer by complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor processes. We reconfigure the quantum device to realize and process complex-weighted graphs with different topologies and to implement different tasks associated with the perfect matching property of graphs. As two non-trivial examples, we show the generation of genuine multipartite multidimensional quantum entanglement with different entanglement structures, and the measurement of probability distributions proportional to the modulus-squared hafnian (permanent) of the graph's adjacency matrices. This work realizes a prototype of graph-theoretical quantum photonic devices manufactured by very-large-scale integration technologies, featuring arbitrary programmability, high architectural modularity and massive manufacturing scalability.

A graph-theoretical programmable quantum photonic device composed of about 2,500 components is fabricated on a silicon substrate within a 12 mm x 15 mm footprint. It shows the generation, manipulation and certification of genuine multiphoton multidimensional entanglement, as well as the implementations of scattershot and Gaussian boson sampling.

Original language	English
Journal	Nature Photonics
Volume	17
Pages (from-to)	573-581
Number of pages	10
ISSN	1749-4885
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-023-01187-z
Publication status	Published - 6 Apr 2023

Keywords

COMPUTATIONAL ADVANTAGE
ENTANGLEMENT
NETWORK

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Very-large-scale integrated quantum graph photonics. / Bao, Jueming; Fu, Zhaorong; Pramanik, Tanumoy; Mao, Jun; Chi, Yulin; Cao, Yingkang; Zhai, Chonghao; Mao, Yifei; Dai, Tianxiang; Chen, Xiaojiong; Jia, Xinyu; Zhao, Leshi; Zheng, Yun; Tang, Bo; Li, Zhihua; Luo, Jun; Wang, Wenwu; Yang, Yan; Peng, Yingying; Liu, Dajian; Dai, Daoxin; He, Qiongyi; Muthali, Alif Laila; Oxenlowe, Leif K.; Vigliar, Caterina; Paesani, Stefano; Hou, Huili; Santagati, Raffaele; Silverstone, Joshua W.; Laing, Anthony; Thompson, Mark G.; O'Brien, Jeremy L.; Ding, Yunhong; Gong, Qihuang; Wang, Jianwei.

In: Nature Photonics, Vol. 17, 06.04.2023, p. 573-581.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Bao, J, Fu, Z, Pramanik, T, Mao, J, Chi, Y, Cao, Y, Zhai, C, Mao, Y, Dai, T, Chen, X, Jia, X, Zhao, L, Zheng, Y, Tang, B, Li, Z, Luo, J, Wang, W, Yang, Y, Peng, Y, Liu, D, Dai, D, He, Q, Muthali, AL, Oxenlowe, LK, Vigliar, C, Paesani, S, Hou, H, Santagati, R, Silverstone, JW, Laing, A, Thompson, MG, O'Brien, JL, Ding, Y, Gong, Q & Wang, J 2023, 'Very-large-scale integrated quantum graph photonics', Nature Photonics, vol. 17, pp. 573-581. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-023-01187-z

Bao, Jueming ; Fu, Zhaorong ; Pramanik, Tanumoy ; Mao, Jun ; Chi, Yulin ; Cao, Yingkang ; Zhai, Chonghao ; Mao, Yifei ; Dai, Tianxiang ; Chen, Xiaojiong ; Jia, Xinyu ; Zhao, Leshi ; Zheng, Yun ; Tang, Bo ; Li, Zhihua ; Luo, Jun ; Wang, Wenwu ; Yang, Yan ; Peng, Yingying ; Liu, Dajian ; Dai, Daoxin ; He, Qiongyi ; Muthali, Alif Laila ; Oxenlowe, Leif K. ; Vigliar, Caterina ; Paesani, Stefano ; Hou, Huili ; Santagati, Raffaele ; Silverstone, Joshua W. ; Laing, Anthony ; Thompson, Mark G. ; O'Brien, Jeremy L. ; Ding, Yunhong ; Gong, Qihuang ; Wang, Jianwei. / Very-large-scale integrated quantum graph photonics. In: Nature Photonics. 2023 ; Vol. 17. pp. 573-581.

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AU - Bao, Jueming

AU - Fu, Zhaorong

AU - Pramanik, Tanumoy

AU - Mao, Jun

AU - Chi, Yulin

AU - Cao, Yingkang

AU - Zhai, Chonghao

AU - Mao, Yifei

AU - Dai, Tianxiang

AU - Chen, Xiaojiong

AU - Jia, Xinyu

AU - Zhao, Leshi

AU - Zheng, Yun

AU - Tang, Bo

AU - Li, Zhihua

AU - Luo, Jun

AU - Wang, Wenwu

AU - Yang, Yan

AU - Peng, Yingying

AU - Liu, Dajian

AU - Dai, Daoxin

AU - He, Qiongyi

AU - Muthali, Alif Laila

AU - Oxenlowe, Leif K.

AU - Vigliar, Caterina

AU - Paesani, Stefano

AU - Hou, Huili

AU - Santagati, Raffaele

AU - Silverstone, Joshua W.

AU - Laing, Anthony

AU - Thompson, Mark G.

AU - O'Brien, Jeremy L.

AU - Ding, Yunhong

AU - Gong, Qihuang

AU - Wang, Jianwei

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AB - Graphs have provided an expressive mathematical tool to model quantum-mechanical devices and systems. In particular, it has been recently discovered that graph theory can be used to describe and design quantum components, devices, setups and systems, based on the two-dimensional lattice of parametric nonlinear optical crystals and linear optical circuits, different to the standard quantum photonic framework. Realizing such graph-theoretical quantum photonic hardware, however, remains extremely challenging experimentally using conventional technologies. Here we demonstrate a graph-theoretical programmable quantum photonic device in very-large-scale integrated nanophotonic circuits. The device monolithically integrates about 2,500 components, constructing a synthetic lattice of nonlinear photon-pair waveguide sources and linear optical waveguide circuits, and it is fabricated on an eight-inch silicon-on-insulator wafer by complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor processes. We reconfigure the quantum device to realize and process complex-weighted graphs with different topologies and to implement different tasks associated with the perfect matching property of graphs. As two non-trivial examples, we show the generation of genuine multipartite multidimensional quantum entanglement with different entanglement structures, and the measurement of probability distributions proportional to the modulus-squared hafnian (permanent) of the graph's adjacency matrices. This work realizes a prototype of graph-theoretical quantum photonic devices manufactured by very-large-scale integration technologies, featuring arbitrary programmability, high architectural modularity and massive manufacturing scalability.A graph-theoretical programmable quantum photonic device composed of about 2,500 components is fabricated on a silicon substrate within a 12 mm x 15 mm footprint. It shows the generation, manipulation and certification of genuine multiphoton multidimensional entanglement, as well as the implementations of scattershot and Gaussian boson sampling.

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KW - ENTANGLEMENT

KW - NETWORK

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